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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
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In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
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Live-Cell Imaging of Intact Ex Vivo Globes Using a Novel 3D Printed Holder
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Age-related Changes in Globe Position.

Alice C Shieh1, Alexander D Blandford2, Catherine J Hwang2

  • 1Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine.

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|August 7, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Globe position can change with age, leading to either enophthalmos or exophthalmos in adults. These age-related changes in globe position are not uniform and impact periocular surgery considerations.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Aging Research
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Globe position is a critical factor in periocular aesthetics and function.
  • Aging is associated with various anatomical changes, including potential alterations in orbital structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To longitudinally evaluate age-related changes in globe position.
  • To determine the incidence of clinically significant enophthalmos and exophthalmos due to aging.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of head CT or MRI scans from 100 adults with normal orbits, imaged at least 20 years apart.
  • Globe position measured from the anterior cornea to the zygomaticofrontal processes baseline.
  • Clinically significant changes defined as ≥2 mm posterior (enophthalmos) or anterior (exophthalmos) displacement.

Main Results:

  • Average globe projection decreased slightly (0.25±2.3 mm right, 0.26±2.2 mm left).
  • Clinically significant enophthalmos occurred in 35% of individuals (27.5% of globes), and exophthalmos in 26% (21.5% of globes).
  • No significant difference in the proportion of enophthalmos, exophthalmos, or no change was observed (p=0.26).

Conclusions:

  • Adults can experience significant enophthalmos, exophthalmos, or stable globe position over 20 years.
  • Age-related globe position changes are variable and impact surgical planning for the aging periocular region.