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Related Concept Videos

Hypertension I: Introduction01:28

Hypertension I: Introduction

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Hypertension is a widespread, long-term medical condition where blood pressure in the arteries remains elevated. It is characterized by systolic blood pressure readings of 130 mm Hg or above or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) readings of 80 mm Hg or higher. Unmanaged hypertension poses significant health risks, making the distinction between primary (or essential) hypertension and secondary hypertension crucial, as their management and implications vary.Primary HypertensionPrimary hypertension,...
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Hypertension II: Pathophysiology01:29

Hypertension II: Pathophysiology

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Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
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Hypertension V: Nursing Management01:23

Hypertension V: Nursing Management

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The nursing management of hypertension involves accurately assessing symptoms, making a comprehensive nursing diagnosis, collaborating with patients to set goals, and implementing targeted interventions to mitigate the condition's impact and improve patient well-being.Comprehensive AssessmentThe initial step in nursing care for hypertension involves a thorough patient assessment. It includes evaluating symptoms such as headaches, dizziness, blurred vision, and previous hypertension episodes.
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Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure01:18

Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure

4.4K
Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...
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Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis

659
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
There are various classifications for PH, each relating to different underlying causes and also...
659
Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:30

Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

579
Hypertension is asymptomatic and also referred to as the "silent killer" until it progresses to a severe stage or causes target organ disease. Patients may experience symptoms stemming from the strain on blood vessels and tissues in various organs or the heart's increased workload.Physical exams might show no abnormalities other than high blood pressure. Signs of vascular damage, when present, correspond to the organs supplied by the affected vessels, leading to target organ damage. For...
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Evaluation of Right Ventricular Function in Experimental Models of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
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Paradoxical hypertension.

Sreenivasa Rao Sudulagunta1, Monica Kumbhat2, Mahesh Babu Sodalagunta3

  • 1Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Medical College, K.G. Halli, Bangalore, India.

Oxford Medical Case Reports
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a rare condition often linked to hypertension. This case highlights a rare presentation of PRES caused by a paraganglioma, emphasizing the need for thorough investigation in hypertensive patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Endocrinology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a neurological condition characterized by vasogenic edema in the brain's posterior regions.
  • Hypertension is a common precipitating factor for PRES.
  • Paragangliomas are rare neuroendocrine tumors that can cause significant hypertension.

Observation:

  • A 48-year-old female presented with acute vision loss and severe hypertension.
  • MRI revealed characteristic white matter edema consistent with PRES.
  • Elevated urine and plasma metanephrines indicated a potential endocrine cause.

Findings:

  • A retroperitoneal paraganglioma was identified as the underlying cause of the patient's severe hypertension and PRES.
  • The patient's vision improved with antihypertensive treatment and alpha-blockers.
  • Surgical removal of the paraganglioma led to complete recovery.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the rare but critical association between paraganglioma and PRES.
  • It highlights the importance of investigating for pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma in hypertensive patients presenting with PRES.
  • Early diagnosis and management of the underlying tumor are crucial for favorable outcomes in such rare presentations.