Long-term clinical outcome of implants with different surface modifications

Area of Science:

• Dental Implantology
• Biomaterials Science
• Periodontology

Background:

• Implant surface characteristics are crucial for long-term success.
• Understanding the influence of surface roughness on marginal bone loss (MBL) and survival rates is essential for clinical decision-making.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review and evaluate the survival rates and MBL of dental implants with varying surface roughness.
• To analyze long-term (≥10 years) outcomes based on reported data for individual implant brands.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of 62 clinical studies.
• Analysis of reported survival rates and MBL for implants with turned, titanium plasma sprayed (TPS), blasted, anodised, and blasted-and-acid-etched surfaces.
• Focus on studies with follow-up periods of 10 years or longer.

Main Results:

• Overall implant survival rates ranged from 82.9% to 100% after 10+ years.
• Average MBL was less than 2.0 mm across all implant surfaces.
• Turned surfaces showed the least MBL, while moderately rough surfaces generally had higher survival rates.
• The roughest TPS surface had the highest failure probability; anodised surfaces had the lowest.

Conclusions:

• All evaluated implant surface types can achieve excellent long-term clinical results (≥10 years).
• Surface roughness plays a role, with moderately rough surfaces potentially offering superior survival rates.
• Careful selection of implant surface characteristics is important for optimizing patient outcomes and minimizing marginal bone loss.