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How Does a Locally Constrained Quantum System Localize?

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Mechanics
  • Atomic Physics

Background:

  • Many physical systems exhibit locally constrained dynamics at low energies.
  • Examples include frustrated antiferromagnets, fractional quantum Hall fluids, and blockaded Rydberg atoms.
  • The question of whether these constrained systems can achieve full many-body localization (MBL) remains open.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the possibility of full many-body localization in locally constrained quantum systems.
  • To elucidate the structure of quasilocal integrals of motion in such systems.
  • To explore the phase diagram and transitions associated with MBL in constrained spin chains.

Main Methods:

  • Studying disordered spin chains with a projection constraint in the z direction.
  • Analyzing the stability of MBL under strong z-field and transverse disorder.
  • Identifying novel localization mechanisms, including resonance.
  • Investigating transitions to thermalization or criticality due to constraints.
  • Examining discontinuous transitions in local observables and sample-to-sample variations.

Main Results:

  • Full many-body localization (MBL) is shown to be stable in constrained systems at strong z-field disorder.
  • A new localization mechanism via resonance is identified at strong transverse disorder.
  • Constraints can frustrate spin alignment, leading to thermalization or criticality.
  • Evidence suggests discontinuous transitions with large sample-to-sample variations.

Conclusions:

  • Full many-body localization is achievable in certain locally constrained quantum systems.
  • The study reveals new pathways to localization and critical behavior.
  • The findings are experimentally relevant to current Rydberg atomic experiments realizing programmable constrained Ising Hamiltonians.