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Related Concept Videos

Actin Filament Depolymerization01:19

Actin Filament Depolymerization

3.9K
Actin filaments (F-actin) are composed of actin subunits. The dissociation of actin monomers can occur from either end of F-actin. The rate of dissociation is faster from the minus-end or the pointed end, where the actin subunits exist with a bound ADP, together known as ADP-actin. The depolymerization of F-actin is aided by proteins, including the actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF) and cofilin family of proteins, gelsolin, and glia maturation factor (GMF).
In F-actin, the ADF/cofilin proteins...
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Formation of Higher-order Actin Filaments01:11

Formation of Higher-order Actin Filaments

3.6K
The polymerization of G-actin monomers into filamentous F-actin is a multi-step process. Once the F-actins are formed, they can bundle together in different arrangements to form higher-order networks and regulate cellular functions. Common examples include the formation of lamellipodia and filopodia at the cell's leading edge by actin reorganization in a migrating cell. The microvilli on the brush border epithelial cells are also formed through the F-actin network.
The high-order actin...
3.6K
Generation of Straight or Branched Actin Filaments01:14

Generation of Straight or Branched Actin Filaments

3.8K
The straight or branched structure formation of actin filaments is controlled by nucleating proteins such as the formins and Arp2/3 complex. Formin-mediated assembly results in straight filaments, whereas Arp2/3 protein complex-mediated assembly results in branched actin filaments.
Arp2/3 Complex
Arp2/3 complex is a seven-subunit complex consisting of two proteins similar to actin- Arp2 and Arp3, and five other subunits that help keep Arp2 and Arp3 inactive. When required, the complex is...
3.8K
Nuclear Stability03:18

Nuclear Stability

23.3K
Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
To hold positively charged protons together...
23.3K
Nuclear Fusion02:45

Nuclear Fusion

33.9K
The process of converting very light nuclei into heavier nuclei is also accompanied by the conversion of mass into large amounts of energy, a process called fusion. The principal source of energy in the sun is a net fusion reaction in which four hydrogen nuclei fuse and ultimately produce one helium nucleus and two positrons.
A helium nucleus has a mass that is 0.7% less than that of four hydrogen nuclei; this lost mass is converted into energy during the fusion. This reaction produces about...
33.9K
Actin Treadmilling01:18

Actin Treadmilling

9.7K
Actin filaments undergo polymerization and depolymerization from either end. The polymerization and depolymerization rates depend on the cytosolic concentration of free G-actins. The polymerization rate is generally higher at the plus or barbed end, while the depolymerization rate is higher at the minus or pointed end. At a steady state, critical concentration describes the concentration of free G-actin monomers at which the polymerization rate at the plus end is equal to that of the...
9.7K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Using Microfluidics and Fluorescence Microscopy to Study the Assembly Dynamics of Single Actin Filaments and Bundles
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Using Microfluidics and Fluorescence Microscopy to Study the Assembly Dynamics of Single Actin Filaments and Bundles

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Dynamizing nuclear actin filaments.

Matthias Plessner1, Robert Grosse1

  • 1Institute of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 2, 35043 Marburg, Germany.

Current Opinion in Cell Biology
|September 8, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Newly discovered roles for intranuclear actin filaments are emerging, revealing their dynamic functions in genome organization and nuclear architecture. Understanding these dynamic nuclear actin filaments is key to comprehending cell cycle regulation and DNA repair.

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Quantification of Filamentous Actin F-actin Puncta in Rat Cortical Neurons
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Probing Myosin Ensemble Mechanics in Actin Filament Bundles Using Optical Tweezers
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Last Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Using Microfluidics and Fluorescence Microscopy to Study the Assembly Dynamics of Single Actin Filaments and Bundles
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Quantification of Filamentous Actin F-actin Puncta in Rat Cortical Neurons
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Probing Myosin Ensemble Mechanics in Actin Filament Bundles Using Optical Tweezers
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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Actin is a known component of the nuclear proteome.
  • Emerging research highlights the functional and dynamic roles of intranuclear actin filaments.
  • These filaments are involved in organizing nuclear content, particularly during the cell cycle.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize recent studies on actin filament polymerization and turnover within the nuclear compartment of mammalian cells.
  • To discuss novel findings on transient and dynamic nuclear actin filaments in physiological contexts.
  • To emphasize the roles of nuclear actin in signaling, chromatin reorganization, and DNA repair.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent studies on nuclear actin filament polymerization and turnover.
  • Visualization of transient and dynamic nuclear actin filaments in physiological contexts.
  • Analysis of spatiotemporal control of nuclear actin-regulating factors.

Main Results:

  • Recent studies reveal dynamic actin filament polymerization and turnover within the nucleus.
  • Transient nuclear actin filaments have been visualized in physiological settings.
  • Nuclear actin is implicated in signaling mechanisms, chromatin reorganization, and DNA repair.

Conclusions:

  • Dynamic nuclear actin filaments play crucial roles in genome organization and nuclear architecture.
  • Understanding the regulation of nuclear actin is essential for a detailed view of nuclear functions.
  • Further research into nuclear actin-regulating factors will elucidate its contribution to nuclear processes.