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Related Concept Videos

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis01:25

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis

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Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
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Endocarditis I: Introduction01:25

Endocarditis I: Introduction

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Introduction:Endocarditis is the infection of the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart and its valves. When the heart muscle is involved, the condition is termed myocarditis, while an infection of the outer lining is called pericarditis. Infective endocarditis (IE) primarily affects the endocardium, where pathogens adhere to the valves or lining, forming vegetation that can lead to severe complications. Infective endocarditis occurs when microorganisms, usually bacteria from other body...
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Endocarditis III: Medical Management01:18

Endocarditis III: Medical Management

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Infective endocarditis management involves a multifaceted approach encompassing infection prevention, lifestyle modifications, pharmacological therapy, and surgical management.Infection Prevention:Hand Hygiene: Thorough handwashing is crucial to prevent the spread of infection. Hand hygiene should be performed regularly, especially before and after using the restroom.Oral Hygiene: Good oral hygiene is essential. It includes brushing teeth immediately after waking up and before bed, flossing...
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Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management01:29

Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management

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Infective endocarditis (IE) is a chronic infection of the heart's endocardium, primarily affecting the heart valves. A detailed nursing assessment for a patient with IE involves collecting subjective and objective data to ensure an accurate diagnosis and timely intervention.Subjective DataThe nurse gathers information about the patient's symptoms and complaints during the subjective assessment. Patients with infective endocarditis often report non-specific symptoms that can mimic other...
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Phase-lead and Phase-lag Controllers01:22

Phase-lead and Phase-lag Controllers

552
Understanding the working function of different types of controllers can be illustrated with practical analogies, such as adjusting a stereo's volume equalizer. Cranking up the bass involves a phase-lead controller, which functions as a high-pass filter, while increasing the treble uses a phase-lag controller, which acts as a low-pass filter. PD controllers, similar to high-pass filters, enhance the system's response to high-frequency components. PI controllers, akin to low-pass...
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Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control01:24

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control

456
Phase-lead controllers are commonly used in various control systems to enhance response speed and stability. Adjusting the brightness on a television screen offers a practical example of phase-lead control. When contrast is enhanced, a phase-lead controller is employed. Mathematically, phase-lead control is identified when the first parameter is smaller than the second.
The design of phase-lead control involves the strategic placement of poles and zeros to balance steady-state error and system...
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Related Experiment Video

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Experimental Endocarditis Model of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA in Rat
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Pacemaker lead endocarditis with hiccups (Kalayci).

Belma Kalaycı1, Turgut Karabag1, Turgay Erten1

  • 1Bulent Ecevit University, School of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Zonguldak, Turkey.

Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine
|September 11, 2018
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Summary

Lead-related infections after pacemaker implantation can cause serious complications. Atypical symptoms like hiccups may indicate infective endocarditis, requiring prompt diagnosis and lead extraction.

Keywords:
EchocardiographyHiccupInfective endocarditisPacemaker lead

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Medical Device Infections

Background:

  • Lead-related infections post-pacemaker implantation present significant management challenges, high costs, and severe patient outcomes.
  • Typical symptoms include fever, chills, and fatigue, often necessitating implant system extraction for effective treatment.

Observation:

  • A 66-year-old male with a dual-chamber pacemaker and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator presented with a six-week history of hiccups and fever.
  • Diagnostic workup confirmed lead-related infective endocarditis.

Findings:

  • Prompt antibiotic therapy and lead extraction were initiated for the patient.
  • The case highlights hiccup as an atypical presenting symptom of pacemaker lead-related infective endocarditis.

Implications:

  • Infection signs in pacemaker recipients warrant thorough investigation, including imaging like echocardiography.
  • Early identification of pacemaker lead localization and infective endocarditis is crucial for timely intervention and improved patient prognosis.