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Related Concept Videos

Classifying Matter by State02:49

Classifying Matter by State

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Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. Matter is all around us; the air, water, soil, mountains, even our bodies are all examples of matter. Matter is divided into three states — solid, liquid, and gas — that are commonly found on earth. The fourth state of matter, plasma, occurs naturally in the interiors of stars. 
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Classifying Matter by Composition03:35

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Matter: Pure Substances and Mixtures
According to its composition, the matter can be classified into two broad categories — pure substances and mixtures. 
A pure substance is a form of matter that has a constant composition throughout with uniform properties. For example, any sample of sucrose has the same composition and same physical properties, such as melting point, color, and sweetness, regardless of the source from which it is isolated. 
A mixture is composed of two or...
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Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter02:57

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The characteristics that enable us to distinguish one substance from another are called properties.
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The Atomic Theory of Matter02:59

The Atomic Theory of Matter

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The earliest recorded discussion of the basic structure of matter comes from ancient Greek philosophers. Leucippus and Democritus argued that all matter was composed of small, finite particles that they called atomos, meaning “indivisible.” Later, Aristotle and others came to the conclusion that matter consisted of various combinations of the four “elements” — fire, earth, air, and water — and could be infinitely divided. Interestingly, these philosophers...
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What is Matter?01:13

What is Matter?

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The substance of the universe—from a grain of sand to a star—is called matter. Scientists define matter as anything that occupies space and has mass. An object’s mass and its weight are related concepts, but not quite the same. An object’s mass is the amount of matter contained in the object and is the same whether that object is on Earth or in the zero-gravity environment of outer space. An object’s weight, on the other hand, is its mass as affected by the pull of...
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States of Matter01:20

States of Matter

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Solids, liquids, and gases are the three states of matter commonly found on Earth. A solid is rigid and possesses a definite shape. A liquid flows and takes the shape of its container, except it forms a flat or slightly curved upper surface when acted upon by gravity. Both liquid and solid samples have volumes nearly independent of pressure. A gas takes both the shape and volume of its container.
Scientists have discovered a fourth state of matter, plasma, that occurs naturally in the interiors...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

A Versatile Murine Model of Subcortical White Matter Stroke for the Study of Axonal Degeneration and White Matter Neurobiology
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Working Memory: How Important Is White Matter?

Mariana Lazar1

  • 11 Department of Radiology, Research Division, Center for Biomedical Imaging, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.

The Neuroscientist : a Review Journal Bringing Neurobiology, Neurology and Psychiatry
|September 21, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

White matter, the brain's wiring, influences individual differences in working memory capacity. Advanced imaging reveals how white matter structure impacts cognitive abilities like reasoning and learning.

Keywords:
axonal densitydiffusion imagingwhite matterworking memoryworking memory capacity

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging
  • Human Brain Anatomy

Background:

  • Working memory (WM) is crucial for cognitive functions like reasoning and learning.
  • Individual differences in WM capacity are significant and impact higher-order cognition.
  • Understanding the biological basis of WM capacity is a key goal in cognitive neuroscience.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence linking white matter to individual variations in working memory capacity.
  • To highlight the utility of advanced diffusion imaging methods for studying white matter.
  • To explore potential mechanisms by which white matter influences working memory.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing research on white matter and working memory.
  • Description of advanced diffusion imaging techniques.
  • Discussion of theoretical mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • White matter integrity is implicated in interindividual differences in working memory capacity.
  • Advanced diffusion imaging methods offer novel insights into relevant white matter features.
  • Several plausible biological mechanisms connect white matter structure to working memory function.

Conclusions:

  • White matter plays a significant role in determining working memory capacity.
  • Diffusion imaging is a powerful tool for investigating these relationships.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the complex interplay between white matter and cognition.