Multiscale bioprinting of vascularized models

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Tissue Engineering
• Regenerative Medicine

Background:

• Vascularization is crucial for the survival and function of engineered tissues.
• 3D bioprinting enables the creation of hierarchical vascular networks mimicking in vivo structures.
• Accelerated vascularization enhances tissue regeneration in thick constructs.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current bioprinting techniques for creating vascularized tissue constructs.
• To discuss strategies for patterning proangiogenic factors to promote capillary formation.
• To explore the integration of 3D bioprinting and 4D printing for advanced tissue engineering.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on 3D bioprinting for vascularization.
• Analysis of techniques for fabricating perfusable channels and functional bioinks.
• Discussion of 4D printing concepts for stimuli-controlled factor release.

Main Results:

• 3D bioprinting facilitates the development of vascular networks from capillaries to large vessels.
• Synergistic approaches combining fabrication and bioinks are essential for rapid vascularization.
• Patterning proangiogenic factors can guide angiogenesis and capillary network formation.

Conclusions:

• Advanced bioprinting techniques are key to engineering functional vascularized tissues.
• Integrating 4D printing concepts offers precise control over vascular development.
• These strategies hold promise for the successful implantation of thick engineered tissue constructs.