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Circular RNA Splicing.
Nicole Eger1, Laura Schoppe1, Susanne Schuster2
1University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|September 28, 2018
Summary
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are unique RNA molecules formed by exon back-splicing. This review details circRNA biogenesis, covering historical discoveries and current models like lariat and direct back-splicing.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
- RNA Biology
Background:
- Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently closed RNA molecules.
- Their formation was first observed in viroids in 1976.
- Various circRNAs exist, including viral genomes and products of RNA maturation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the biogenesis of circular RNAs.
- To highlight the different types of circRNAs and their origins.
- To discuss established and emerging models of circRNA formation.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of circRNA research.
- Analysis of historical and current data on circRNA formation.
- Comparison of different circRNA biogenesis models.
Main Results:
- CircRNAs are formed by the covalent linkage of RNA ends, typically exons.
- Two primary biogenesis models exist: lariat/exon skipping and direct back-splicing.
- Diverse biological roles and origins of circRNAs across species have been identified.
Conclusions:
- CircRNA formation is a complex process with multiple pathways.
- Understanding circRNA biogenesis is crucial for exploring their functions.
- Continued research is needed to fully elucidate the diversity and roles of circRNAs.
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