Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Real-Time Void Spot Assay
Published on: February 10, 2023
Running water sound technique in contrast-based voiding cystourethrogram: A case-control study
1Department of Radiography, School of Biomedical & Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Ghana.
Running-water sound (RWS) significantly reduced voiding and fluoroscopy screening times during voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) in children and adults. This simple intervention can decrease radiation exposure and improve patient experience during VCUG procedures.
Area of Science:
- Radiology
- Medical Imaging
- Pediatric Imaging
Background:
- Voiding time during voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) impacts patient radiation dose.
- Delayed voiding necessitates increased fluoroscopy screening.
- Reducing voiding time is crucial for minimizing radiation exposure in VCUG.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the impact of running-water sound (RWS) on voiding parameters.
- To evaluate the effect of RWS on fluoroscopy screening times during VCUG.
- To determine RWS efficacy in both pediatric and adult patients undergoing VCUG.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study involving 252 adult and pediatric patients.
- Test groups received VCUG with RWS; control groups underwent standard VCUG.
- T-tests were used for statistical comparison (p < 0.05 significance).
Main Results:
- RWS significantly reduced mean screening times in children (17.15s vs. 30.61s, p=0.0024) and adults (37.36s vs. 49.80s, p=0.001).
- RWS intervention led to an earlier urge to void in both age groups.
- Statistically significant improvements were observed for both voiding urge and screening times.
Conclusions:
- Running-water sound (RWS) is a novel technique that reduces voiding and fluoroscopy times during VCUG.
- RWS can induce an earlier urge for voiding with iodinated contrast.
- This simple intervention has the potential to enhance current VCUG practices and reduce patient radiation dose.
Related Concept Videos
Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography
Water: A Bronsted-Lowry Acid and Base
Total Voids in Concrete
Wald-Wolfowitz Runs Test II
For binary data, runs are identified using symbols such as + and −, or equivalently, 1s and 0s. In...
Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
Korotkoff Sounds
During blood pressure assessment, inflating the cuff 30 millimeters of mercury above the patient's systolic blood pressure...

