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Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Modeling Myotonic Dystrophy 1 in C2C12 Myoblast Cells
Published on: July 29, 2016
Geranylgeraniol-induced Myogenic Differentiation of C2C12 Cells
Takuma Matsubara1, Mariko Urata1, Tsuyoshi Nakajima1
1Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan.
Background:
Geranylgeraniol (GGOH) is a C20 isoprenoid found in fruits, vegetables, and grains, including rice. As a food substance, GGOH is categorized as 'Generally Recognized as Safe'. GGOH is an intermediate product in the mevalonate pathway and acts as a precursor to geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate.
Materials And Methods:
C2C12 mouse myoblasts derived from muscle satellite cells were used. Quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, western blotting analysis, and immunocytochemical analysis were performed to respectively assess mRNA expression, protein levels, and the number of myofibers.
Results:
GGOH reduced the expression levels of skeletal muscle atrophy-related ubiquitin ligases in myofibers derived from C2C12 cells. GGOH induced myogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells via geranylgeranylation. GGOH did not adversely affect the proliferation of C2C12 cells.
Conclusion:
GGOH induces myoblast differentiation in C2C12 cells.
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