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Published on: September 30, 2020
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Care of Incarcerated Patients
Dawn M Davis1, Jennifer K Bello1, Fred Rottnek1
1Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
American Family Physician
|October 27, 2018
Summary
The U.S. has the highest incarceration rate globally, with inmates facing significant health challenges. Implementing systematic screening and care improves health within correctional facilities and communities post-release.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Correctional Healthcare
Background:
- The United States exhibits the world's highest incarceration rate, with approximately 870 individuals per 100,000 citizens in jail or prison.
- Incarcerated populations are disproportionately composed of young males, racial and ethnic minorities, and individuals of low socioeconomic status.
- Correctional populations experience high prevalences of psychiatric conditions, communicable diseases, substance use disorders, and chronic diseases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To outline recommended screening protocols for infectious diseases and mental health conditions in incarcerated individuals.
- To emphasize the importance of continuous management for chronic conditions.
- To advocate for pre-release referrals to community resources for ongoing medical care and substance use disorder treatment.
Main Methods:
- Review of U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendations for inmate health screenings.
- Emphasis on systematic screening for communicable diseases (HIV, Hepatitis C, syphilis, TB, gonorrhea, chlamydia).
- Inclusion of screening for psychiatric conditions and substance use disorders.
Main Results:
- Recommended screenings include HIV, hepatitis C, syphilis, latent tuberculosis infection, gonorrhea, and chlamydia for at-risk individuals.
- Screening for psychiatric conditions and substance use disorders is crucial.
- Continuation of therapy for chronic conditions is indicated.
Conclusions:
- A systematic approach to urgent, routine, and preventive care is essential for correctional facilities.
- Implementing comprehensive healthcare strategies enhances the health of both the incarcerated population and the wider community upon release.
- Proactive healthcare management within correctional settings contributes to reduced disease transmission and improved public health outcomes.
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