Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 3, 2026
09:09
Ischemia-reperfusion Model of Acute Kidney Injury and Post Injury Fibrosis in Mice
Published on: August 9, 2013
40.9K
Volatile Organic Compounds in Patients With Acute Kidney Injury and Changes During Dialysis.
Tobias Hüppe1, Robert Klasen2, Felix Maurer1
1Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg (Saar), Germany.
Critical Care Medicine
|October 27, 2018
Summary
Volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath can indicate acute kidney injury (AKI). Dialysis treatment significantly reduced these compounds in patients with AKI, suggesting breath analysis may monitor kidney function.
Area of Science:
- Clinical Chemistry
- Pulmonary Medicine
- Nephrology
Background:
- Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a critical condition often requiring intensive care.
- Monitoring AKI and its treatment, such as hemodialysis, is crucial for patient outcomes.
- Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath (exhalome) represent a potential non-invasive biomarker.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize VOCs in the breath of mechanically ventilated patients with AKI.
- To investigate changes in VOC profiles during continuous venovenous hemodialysis (CVVH).
- To assess the potential of exhalome analysis for monitoring AKI severity and dialysis efficacy.
Main Methods:
- Prospective observational feasibility study involving 20 ventilated patients with AKI undergoing CVVH.
- Exhaled air samples collected at 20-minute intervals before and up to 7 hours after CVVH initiation.
- Analysis using multicapillary column ion-mobility spectrometry (MCC-IMS) to detect and quantify VOCs.
- Comparison of VOC profiles with a control group of ventilated patients with normal renal function.
Main Results:
- Forty-five VOC signals were significantly higher in AKI patients compared to controls.
- Concentrations of 34 identified VOCs decreased during hemodialysis, with two-thirds showing progressive decline.
- Specific VOCs like volatile cyclohexanol, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, 3-methylbutanal, and dimer of isoprene showed elevated levels in AKI and decreased post-dialysis.
Conclusions:
- Exhalome analysis detected distinct VOC profiles in critically ill patients with AKI.
- Hemodialysis led to a significant reduction in elevated VOC concentrations.
- Breath volatile organic compound analysis shows promise for quantifying AKI severity and evaluating dialysis effectiveness.
Related Concept Videos
01:22Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction
717
Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
717
01:29Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology
1.1K
Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
1.1K
01:22Acute Kidney Injury VI: Nursing Management
451
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) results in an inability to maintain fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance. Effective nursing management is critical in improving patient outcomes and includes comprehensive patient assessment and targeted interventions.Comprehensive Patient AssessmentA detailed history collection is essential, focusing on any recent infections, nephrotoxic medication use, or chronic conditions such as hypertension and diabetes that may contribute to AKI. During the physical...
451
01:20Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care
355
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) requires a collaborative healthcare approach to restore renal function and prevent complications. Essential management strategies involve monitoring fluid and electrolyte balance, adjusting medications, initiating dialysis when necessary, and providing nutritional support.Fluid and Electrolyte ManagementFluid Monitoring: Regularly monitoring body weight, central venous pressure, and urine output helps detect fluid imbalances early. Patient intake and output are...
355
03:02Organic Compounds
57.4K
All living things are formed mostly of carbon compounds called organic compounds. The category of organic compounds includes both natural and synthetic compounds that contain carbon. Although a single, precise definition has yet to be identified by the chemistry community, most agree that a defining trait of organic molecules is the presence of carbon as the principal element, bonded to hydrogen and other carbon atoms. However, some carbon-containing compounds such as carbonates, cyanides, and...
57.4K
01:29Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations
932
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
932