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Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia
Published on: November 6, 2017
Managing challenging behaviours in dementia
Chun How Ooi1, Peng Soon Yoon1, Choon How How2,3
1Department of Geriatric Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore.
Dementia management involves addressing behavioral and psychological symptoms (BPSD) like agitation and anxiety. Effective care requires a multidisciplinary approach, including non-pharmacological and pharmacological strategies for patients and caregivers.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Geriatrics
- Psychiatry
Background:
- Dementia is a progressive cognitive decline impacting daily life.
- Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are common and distressing.
- BPSD can lead to patient institutionalization and caregiver burden.
Purpose of the Study:
- To discuss the management of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD).
- To highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in dementia care.
- To outline non-pharmacological and pharmacological management strategies for BPSD.
Main Methods:
- Review of literature on dementia and BPSD management.
- Discussion of assessment strategies for BPSD.
- Exploration of supportive care for families and caregivers.
Main Results:
- BPSD encompass agitation, insomnia, hallucinations, anxiety, and depressed mood.
- These symptoms cause significant distress to patients and families.
- Management involves both non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions.
Conclusions:
- Comprehensive assessment of BPSD is crucial.
- Support for caregivers is an integral part of dementia management.
- A combination of non-pharmacological and pharmacological approaches offers effective BPSD management.
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