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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Noncoding RNAs in Muscle Atrophy.

Yongqin Li1,2, Xiangmin Meng1, Guoping Li3

  • 1Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|November 4, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), are key regulators in skeletal muscle atrophy. Further research is needed to explore their diagnostic and therapeutic potential.

Keywords:
MicroRNAsMuscle atrophyMuscular dystrophyNoncoding RNAslncRNAs

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Skeletal muscle atrophy, triggered by factors like denervation and disease, severely impacts patient quality of life and survival.
  • Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) play critical roles in gene regulation and are increasingly recognized in physiological and pathological processes.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are prominent ncRNAs implicated in skeletal muscle atrophy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of ncRNAs in skeletal muscle atrophy.
  • To discuss the potential of circulating ncRNAs as biomarkers.
  • To summarize current knowledge on miRNA and lncRNA profiles in atrophying muscles and their mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on ncRNAs in skeletal muscle atrophy.
  • Analysis of studies profiling miRNAs and lncRNAs in atrophying muscle tissues.
  • Discussion of the mechanisms involving miRNA machinery proteins, miRNAs, and lncRNAs.

Main Results:

  • ncRNAs, particularly miRNAs and lncRNAs, are significantly involved in the molecular pathways of skeletal muscle atrophy.
  • Circulating miRNAs show promise as potential biomarkers for diagnosing muscle atrophy.
  • Profiling studies reveal specific miRNA and lncRNA signatures associated with muscle wasting.

Conclusions:

  • ncRNAs are crucial regulators in skeletal muscle atrophy, influencing gene expression and cellular processes.
  • Further investigation into ncRNAs is essential for developing novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic strategies for muscle atrophy.
  • The vast diversity of ncRNAs necessitates continued research to fully understand their roles and harness their potential in treating muscle wasting conditions.