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Related Concept Videos

Anatomical Movements00:51

Anatomical Movements

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Anatomical movements refer to the various actions or motions that can be performed by the body's joints and muscles. These movements are described using specific terms to provide a standardized way of discussing and understanding the range of motion at different joints.
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In eukaryotic cells,  cytoskeletal filaments such as actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments form a mesh-like cytoskeletal network. These filaments serve as tracks for transporting cellular cargo. Specialized motor proteins use the chemical energy stored in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for this transport. During interphase, microtubules are polarized, with the plus-end towards the cell periphery and the minus-end towards the cell center. Two microtubule-associated motor proteins,...
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Movement Joints in Buildings01:27

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Movement joints in buildings are essential design elements that accommodate inevitable motions caused by various factors such as temperature changes, moisture content variations, and structural deflections. These motions, if not considered in design and construction, can lead to unsightly or dangerous damage. Movement joints are incorporated in different forms to manage these stresses and allow materials to move without causing distress.
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Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria01:10

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Intracellular bacteria and viruses often comprise a group of highly infectious pathogens that can cause several diseases. Bacterial pathogens include those belonging to the genus Rickettsia responsible for conditions such as rocky mountain spotted fever and the Mediterranean spotted fever; Chlamydia, a genus responsible for a sexually transmitted disease; Coxiella burnetii, an agent responsible for Q fever. Viral pathogens include vaccinia—a poxvirus, and herpes simplex virus—a...
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If you want to understand how behavior occurs, one of the best ways to gain information is to simply observe the behavior in its natural context. However, people might change their behavior in unexpected ways if they know they are being observed. How do researchers obtain accurate information when people tend to hide their natural behavior? As an example, imagine that your professor asks everyone in your class to raise their hand if they always wash their hands after using the restroom. Chances...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Robotic Mirror Therapy System for Functional Recovery of Hemiplegic Arms
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Robotic Mirror Therapy System for Functional Recovery of Hemiplegic Arms

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[Mirror Movement].

Hiroo Ichikawa1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine (Neurology), Showa University Fujigaoka Rehabilitation Hospital.

Brain and Nerve = Shinkei Kenkyu No Shinpo
|November 13, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mirror movement (MM) is an involuntary mirroring of limb movement. While normal in children, persistent MM suggests neurological issues potentially linked to brain pathway or motor control system impairments.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Movement Disorders

Background:

  • Mirror movement (MM) involves involuntary symmetrical movements in the limb contralateral to a voluntary movement.
  • This phenomenon is typically present in early childhood and usually resolves as motor control develops.
  • Persistent or abnormal MM can indicate underlying neurological conditions, including hereditary, congenital, or acquired causes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the phenomenon of mirror movements (MM).
  • To understand the developmental trajectory and potential neurological underpinnings of MM.
  • To review associated neurological disorders and implicated brain regions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on mirror movements.
  • Analysis of reported cases linking MM to neurological disorders.
  • Review of proposed pathomechanisms for MM.

Main Results:

  • Mirror movement is a normal developmental phase in children, typically disappearing with maturation.
  • Persistent MM is considered abnormal and associated with various neurological disorders.
  • Lesions in the supplementary motor area, corpus callosum, and cervical regions are implicated in MM.

Conclusions:

  • The persistence of mirror movements beyond typical development suggests underlying neurological abnormalities.
  • Abnormal MM may stem from disruptions in descending corticospinal pathways.
  • Impaired cortical and subcortical motor control systems are also hypothesized to contribute to the pathomechanism of MM.