A hand-eye calibration method for augmented reality applied to computer-assisted orthopedic surgery
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Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Combining Augmented Reality and 3D Printing to Display Patient Models on a Smartphone
Published on: January 2, 2020
Marcelo E de Oliveira1, Henrique G Debarba1, Alexandre Lädermann2,3
1Medical Research Department, Artanim Foundation, Geneva, Switzerland.
Background:
Augmented reality (AR) allows the surgeon to represent holographic patient-specific anatomical information and surgical instruments in the physical world. To correctly superimpose virtual and physical objects, a hand-eye (HE) calibration method for mapping the virtual and physical spaces was proposed.
Methods:
Mathematical relationships between the virtual camera and the physical space were derived. Finally, the accuracy and robustness of the proposed HE calibration method were qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated.
Results:
The proposed calibration method allows us to determine an optimal invariant spatiotemporal mapping between the virtual camera and the physical space.
Conclusion:
Qualitatively and quantitatively reliable and accurate estimates for the physical-virtual mapping transformation were verified. Consequently, imaging data and surgical instruments holograms can be precisely represented in the physical space.
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