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Published on: August 7, 2017
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Epistaxis.
Neil Alexander Krulewitz1, Megan Leigh Fix1
1Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Utah, 30 North 1900 East, Room 1C26, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America
|November 21, 2018
Summary
Epistaxis, or nosebleeds, are often anterior, originating from the Kiesselbach plexus. Posterior nosebleeds are less common and require prompt assessment and management to achieve hemostasis.
Area of Science:
- Otolaryngology
- Emergency Medicine
Background:
- Epistaxis is a common condition with varied etiologies.
- Anterior epistaxis typically arises from the Kiesselbach plexus, while posterior epistaxis originates from sphenopalatine artery branches.
Purpose of the Study:
- To outline the assessment and management of epistaxis.
- To identify risk factors and treatment modalities for nosebleeds.
Main Methods:
- Review of epistaxis etiology, risk factors, and clinical presentation.
- Description of diagnostic steps including airway, breathing, and circulation assessment.
- Outline of hemostatic management strategies.
Main Results:
- Common risk factors include trauma, foreign bodies, substance abuse, neoplasms, and bleeding disorders.
- Management involves direct pressure, vasoconstrictors, cautery, tranexamic acid, nasal packing, or surgery.
- Disposition depends on epistaxis severity and patient comorbidities.
Conclusions:
- Effective management of epistaxis requires prompt source identification and hemostasis.
- Treatment strategies are tailored to the bleeding source and patient factors.
- Admission is reserved for severe cases or those with significant comorbidities.
