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Related Concept Videos

Aneurysm I: Introduction01:30

Aneurysm I: Introduction

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An aortic aneurysm is a localized outpouching or dilation at a weak point in the artery wall. It may involve different parts of the aorta, such as the abdominal aorta, aortic arch, or thoracic aorta.Etiological factorsSeveral disorders are associated with aortic aneurysms.Congenital causes, such as primary connective tissue disorders like Marfan syndrome, impact the integrity and strength of connective tissues, notably affecting the aorta. Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder that specifically...
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Aneurysm IV: Nursing Management01:22

Aneurysm IV: Nursing Management

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Vigilant monitoring for aneurysm rupture is essential for patients undergoing aortic surgery.Preoperative Nursing ManagementContinuously monitor the patient for manifestations of aneurysm rupture, such as pallor, weakness, tachycardia, hypotension, abdominal, back, groin, or periumbilical pain, changes in consciousness, and a pulsating abdominal mass. Regularly assess the patient's peripheral pulses.Instruct the patient to consume a clear liquid diet the day before surgery and administer...
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Aneurysm III: Interprofessional Care01:26

Aneurysm III: Interprofessional Care

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Aneurysm management involves either conservative medical therapy or surgical intervention, depending on the size and symptoms of the aneurysm. Conservative management is generally reserved for smaller, asymptomatic aneurysms, while larger or symptomatic aneurysms often necessitate surgical repair.Conservative Medical TherapyFor small, asymptomatic aneurysms, particularly abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) less than 5.5 centimeters in diameter, conservative medical therapy is recommended. This...
304
Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

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IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
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Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:21

Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

349
Thoracic, aortic arch and abdominal aneurysms are significant vascular conditions that can present with various clinical manifestations and lead to serious complications. Understanding these manifestations and the appropriate diagnostic studies is essential for effective management and treatment.Thoracic Aortic AneurysmsThoracic aortic aneurysms often remain asymptomatic until they reach a size that impinges on adjacent structures. They typically cause deep, diffuse chest pain that radiates to...
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Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management

443
Aortic regurgitation (AR) is when the aortic valve does not close or seal properly, leading to backward blood circulation from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole. Common causes of AR include rheumatic heart disease, congenital valve defects, and aortic root dilation. Managing AR requires a multifaceted approach to alleviate symptoms, preserve left ventricular function, and address the underlying cause of the regurgitation. Patients with symptomatic AR or significant left...
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A New Murine Model of Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair
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Muse Cells and Aortic Aneurysm.

Katsuhiro Hosoyama1, Yoshikatsu Saiki2

  • 1Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|November 29, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring (Muse) cells show promise for treating aortic aneurysms (AAs) by repairing damaged aortic tissue. This cell therapy offers potential advantages over existing treatments for AA.

Keywords:
Aortic aneurysmEndothelial cell differentiationMuse cellSmooth muscle cell differentiationVasa vasorumVascular progenitor cell

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Area of Science:

  • Vascular Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Stem Cell Therapy

Background:

  • Aortic aneurysms (AAs) involve progressive aortic enlargement and rupture risk due to aortic wall destruction.
  • Current cell therapies for AAs, using endothelial cells (ECs), vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), show limited efficacy in robust tissue repair.
  • Aortic wall degradation is driven by atherosclerosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress, activating matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and inflammatory mediators.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the therapeutic potential of multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring (Muse) cells for aortic aneurysms (AAs).
  • To compare the efficacy of Muse cell therapy with existing cell-based treatments for AAs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of studies on Muse cell therapy for aortic aneurysms (AAs), including recent data.
  • Comparison of Muse cell therapy with other cell-based therapies (VSMCs, ECs, MSCs) in AA models.
  • Focus on Muse cells' unique properties: pluripotent-like differentiation, self-renewal, homing to damage sites, and tissue repair via spontaneous differentiation.

Main Results:

  • Muse cells, a type of endogenous pluripotent-like stem cell, demonstrate potential for effective AA treatment.
  • Muse cells can differentiate into various cell types and self-renew, offering robust tissue repair capabilities.
  • Simple intravenous injection of Muse cells facilitates homing to damage sites and functional cell replenishment.

Conclusions:

  • Muse cell therapy presents a promising and potentially more effective approach for treating aortic aneurysms (AAs) compared to current methods.
  • The inherent properties of Muse cells, including their differentiation and homing abilities, suggest significant therapeutic efficacy for AA.
  • Further research and clinical application of Muse cell therapy for AA are warranted.