Ligature-Induced Experimental Peri-Implantitis-A Systematic Review

Area of Science:

• Dental Implantology
• Periodontology
• Biomaterials Science

Background:

• Peri-implantitis, a common complication of dental implants, involves inflammation and bone loss.
• Experimental models are crucial for understanding peri-implantitis pathogenesis and testing interventions.
• The role of bacterial infection versus other factors in inducing marginal bone resorption (MBR) in these models requires clarification.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review experimental peri-implantitis models.
• To analyze their efficacy in inducing marginal bone resorption (MBR).
• To assess the necessity of bacteria for MBR in these models.

Main Methods:

• Systematic electronic literature search of PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect.
• Analysis of 133 studies on experimental peri-implantitis models.
• Categorization of models based on ligature type, placement, and bacterial inoculation.

Main Results:

• Most models used ligatures with biofilm, sometimes with bacterial inoculation, but never in sterile conditions.
• Vertical MBR varied based on ligature type (cotton > steel > dental floss > silk) and exchange frequency.
• MBR differed significantly across animal models and implant surfaces; bacteria's necessity for MBR was not validated.

Conclusions:

• Experimental peri-implantitis models commonly induce MBR using ligatures and plaque accumulation.
• The contribution of non-bacterial factors (e.g., inflammation, trauma) to MBR in these models cannot be excluded.
• Further studies are needed to isolate the specific role of bacteria versus other factors in peri-implantitis bone loss.