CHARACTERISTICS OF DIARRHEAL DISEASE COMPLICATED WITH HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME AMONG CHILDREN IN GEORGIA, 2009-2016

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) causes illness ranging from mild diarrhea to bloody diarrhea, to the hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), which manifests with a triad of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and acute renal failure. Surveillance of HUS and bloody diarrhea is not performed in Georgia. The primary objective of our study was to determine the annual incidence of diarrheal diseases. The secondary objective was to assess epidemiological characteristics, etiology and risk factors of diarrhea and HUS in Georgia among children under 15. We collected a retrospective data on diarrheal diseases particularly bloody diarrhea and HUS among children in Georgia in 2009-2016 years. Laboratory, clinical and epidemiological data was entered into electronic database. Descriptive statistics, proportions, incidence rates, means and medians were calculated in R statistical language using statistical package R for windows v 3.4.3. A total of 316 cases of bloody diarrhea including 64 (20.2%) cases complicated with HUS under age 15 were identified from 2009 until 2016. From 316 patients 5 (1.6%) have died, all of them with diagnosis and severe complications of HUS. Average rate of HUS per 100,000 populations during 2009-2016 was 0.3 and for bloody diarrhea 2 per 100,000. High RR for food products consumed by children with bloody diarrhea either complicated with HUS or not were various ice-creams produced locally (RR 4.23 P<0.001), dairy products (RR 2.79 P = 0.01), ground beef products (RR 4.52 P<0.001). The another highest attack ratio was identified for fruits (RR 6.19 P<0.001) and vegetables (RR 3.45 P < 0.001). Different enteric pathogens including shiga toxin producing E. coli was detected as etiology of diarrheal diseases and HUS. Epidemiological data suggests that inadequately washed fruits, vegetables and eating undercooked food and ice-cream could be a possible risk factors of exposure with enteric pathogens and developing diarrhea and HUS among children. Further investigations of food products are required to determine epidemiology and source food products of bloody diarrhea and HUS among children in Georgia.