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Related Concept Videos

Enzymes02:34

Enzymes

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Inside living organisms, enzymes act as catalysts for many biochemical reactions involved in cellular metabolism. The role of enzymes is to reduce the activation energies of biochemical reactions by forming complexes with its substrates. The lowering of activation energies favor an increase in the rates of biochemical reactions.
Enzyme deficiencies can often translate into life-threatening diseases. For example, a genetic abnormality resulting in the deficiency of the enzyme G6PD...
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Enzyme Kinetics01:19

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Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy of the reactants. The speed at which the enzyme turns reactants into products is called the rate of reaction. Several factors impact the rate of reaction, including the number of available reactants. Enzyme kinetics is the study of how an enzyme changes the rate of a reaction.
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Enzyme-linked Receptors01:00

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Enzyme-linked receptors are proteins that act as both receptor and enzyme, activating multiple intracellular signals. This is a large group of receptors that include the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. Many growth factors and hormones bind to and activate the RTKs.
Neurotrophin (NT) receptors are a family of RTKs, including trkA, trkB, and trkC (tropomyosin-related kinase) receptors. TrkA is specific for nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-6, and neurotrophin-7. TrkB binds...
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Enzyme Inhibition01:30

Enzyme Inhibition

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Inhibitors are molecules that reduce enzyme activity by binding to the enzyme. In a normally functioning cell, enzymes are regulated by a variety of inhibitors. Drugs and other toxins can also inhibit enzymes. Some inhibitors bind to the enzyme’s active site, while others inhibit enzymatic activity by binding to other sites on the protein structure.
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Introduction to Enzymes01:22

Introduction to Enzymes

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The use of enzymes by humans dates to 7000 BCE. Humans first used enzymes to ferment sugars and produce alcohol without knowing that this was an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Wilhelm Kuhne coined the term 'enzyme' in 1877 from the Greek words ‘en’ meaning ‘in’ or ‘within’ and ‘zyme’ meaning ‘yeast.’
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Restriction Enzymes01:11

Restriction Enzymes

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Restriction enzymes are bacterial enzymes used to cut DNA in a sequence-specific manner. To cleave DNA, they bind to specific palindromic sequences called restriction sites. Such palindromic DNA sequences or inverted repeats are commonly found in regions of functional significance, such as the origin of replication, gene operator sites, and regions containing transcription termination signals.
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Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Analyzing Oxidative Stress in Murine Intestinal Organoids using Reactive Oxygen Species-Sensitive Fluorogenic Probe
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Analyzing Oxidative Stress in Murine Intestinal Organoids using Reactive Oxygen Species-Sensitive Fluorogenic Probe

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Fluorogenic probes for disease-relevant enzymes.

Junji Zhang1, Xianzhi Chai, Xiao-Peng He

  • 1Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd., Shanghai 200237, P. R. China. xphe@ecust.edu.cn.

Chemical Society Reviews
|December 7, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review covers new fluorogenic probes for detecting enzyme activity in real-time within cells and living organisms. These advanced probes offer sensitive, in situ analysis for various enzymes linked to human diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Chemical Biology

Background:

  • Traditional enzyme detection methods, such as antibody-based immunoassays, are limited in their ability to track enzyme activity in live cells and in vivo.
  • There is a need for methods that can monitor the spatiotemporal distribution and in situ activity of enzymes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review recent advancements in fluorogenic probes for enzyme activity detection.
  • To discuss the design principles and applications of small-molecule and material-based fluorogenic probes.
  • To highlight probes for enzymes involved in human diseases, including oxidases, reductases, and those acting on biomacromolecules.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on fluorogenic probes for enzyme activity.
  • Categorization of probes based on enzyme targets and probe composition (small-molecule vs. material-based).
  • Analysis of probe design strategies and their application in biological systems.

Main Results:

  • Small-molecule and material-based fluorogenic probes enable sensitive, real-time detection of enzyme activities.
  • These probes allow for monitoring of enzyme localization and activity within live cells and in vivo.
  • Specific examples of probes targeting oxidases, reductases, DNA, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and translational modifications are discussed.

Conclusions:

  • Fluorogenic probes represent a significant advancement over traditional methods for enzyme activity analysis.
  • These probes are valuable tools for studying enzyme function in health and disease.
  • The review provides a comprehensive resource for researchers developing and applying enzyme-activity-sensing probes.