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Conflict Detection and Logical Complexity.

Janie Brisson1, Walter Schaeken2, Henry Markovits1

  • 1Université du Québec à Montréal, CA.

Psychologica Belgica
|December 8, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

People can detect logical conflicts in basic reasoning, including Modus Ponens (MP) and Modus Tollens (MT) inferences. However, this intuitive grasp of logic may not extend to more complex invalid inferences like Affirmation of the Consequent (AC).

Keywords:
Conflict detectionLogical complexityLogical intuition

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Logic and Reasoning
  • Behavioral Economics

Background:

  • Previous research suggests individuals possess intuitive logical principles, enabling conflict detection between biased reasoning and normative standards.
  • Understanding the limits of these logical intuitions is crucial for cognitive models of human reasoning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the boundary conditions of logical intuitions by examining performance on varying logical complexities.
  • To assess the capacity for conflict detection in basic (Modus Ponens, Modus Tollens) versus invalid (Affirmation of the Consequent, Denial of the Antecedent) logical inferences.

Main Methods:

  • Two studies were conducted, manipulating the logical complexity of problems where validity and conclusion believability were in conflict.
  • Participants' accuracy in detecting logical conflicts was measured across different inference types.

Main Results:

  • Successful conflict detection was observed for Modus Ponens (MP) and Modus Tollens (MT) inferences, suggesting intuitive grasp of their structure.
  • For invalid inferences, participants performed better on the more complex Denial of the Antecedent (DA) than Affirmation of the Consequent (AC).
  • No evidence of successful conflict detection was found for the invalid AC and DA inferences.

Conclusions:

  • Basic logical inferences like MP and MT appear to be within the scope of intuitive logical understanding.
  • The limits of logical intuition may lie in problems exceeding the complexity of these fundamental inferences.
  • Current findings challenge the universality of logical intuition for all inference forms, particularly invalid ones.