Multi-scale regulation of cell branching: Modeling morphogenesis.
Jing Li1, Taeyoon Kim1, Daniel B Szymanski2
1Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States.
Plant cell growth involves irreversible expansion and branching, crucial for adaptation and agriculture. Microtubules and actin filaments shape cells by controlling the cell wall, with modeling revealing key growth mechanisms.
Area of Science:
- Plant Biology
- Cell Biology
- Biophysics
Background:
- Plant growth relies on cell expansion and specialized branched cell morphology.
- Cell shape is determined by integrated cytoskeletal and cell wall systems.
- Understanding cell shape control is vital for plant adaptation and agriculture.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review cytoskeleton-dependent cell wall patterning during cell branching.
- To explore how computational modeling and live imaging advance understanding of morphogenesis.
Main Methods:
- Forward genetics to identify genes controlling cell shape.
- Live cell imaging to visualize cytoskeletal dynamics.
- Finite element modeling to analyze cell wall properties and stress.
Main Results:
- Microtubules and actin filaments influence cell wall properties to generate complex cell shapes.
- Finite element modeling identifies cell wall heterogeneities driving complex cell shapes.
- Cell shape and stress feedback on the cytoskeleton to maintain growth patterns.
Conclusions:
- Integrated cytoskeletal and cell wall dynamics govern plant cell morphogenesis.
- Multi-scale imaging and computational modeling are powerful tools for unraveling systems-level control of plant cell growth.
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