Food Bioactive Compounds and Their Interference in Drug Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Profiles

Area of Science:

• Pharmacology
• Nutritional Science
• Biochemistry

Background:

• Food molecules can interact with drug transporters and metabolizing enzymes.
• Dietary modifications and supplements are increasingly used in traditional medicine, leading to more potential food-drug interactions.
• These interactions can influence drug efficacy and patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review existing data on the influence of food compounds on drug efficacy.
• To explore the mechanisms underlying food-drug interactions.
• To highlight the clinical relevance of these interactions.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature review of Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus databases.
• Analysis of pharmaceutical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic mechanisms.
• Integration of data from functional and bioinformatic resources (FooDB, DrugBank, etc.).

Main Results:

• Numerous food compounds interact with proteins involved in drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
• Interactions affect drug oral bioavailability, transport (enteric/hepatic, blood, systemic), and metabolism.
• A wide range of food-drug interactions have been identified across various therapeutic areas.

Conclusions:

• Knowledge of food components interfering with drug efficacy is essential for holistic therapy.
• Understanding food-drug interactions can aid in optimizing treatments for conditions like cancer and cardiovascular diseases.
• Preclinical findings may not always translate to clinical relevance; health professionals must exercise caution.