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Do confidence ratings prime confidence?

Kit S Double1,2, Damian P Birney3

  • 1Department of Education, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. kit.double@education.ox.ac.uk.

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
|January 12, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Confidence ratings (CR) can alter cognitive performance due to reactivity. This study found reactivity is triggered by the word "confident," not introspection, and can be resolved by rephrasing ratings.

Keywords:
Confidence ratingsMetacognitionPrimingReactivity

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psychological Measurement

Background:

  • Confidence ratings (CR) are widely used in psychological research.
  • Recent studies indicate CR may cause reactivity, altering cognitive performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the underlying mechanisms of CR-induced reactivity.
  • To determine if reactivity stems from task-relevant introspection or priming of confidence beliefs.

Main Methods:

  • Compared participant performance across three groups: CR, a task-irrelevant control rating, and a control rating including the word 'confident'.
  • Analyzed cognitive performance changes associated with each rating condition.

Main Results:

  • Reactivity to CR was primarily driven by the explicit mention of the word 'confident'.
  • Task-irrelevant introspection did not explain reactivity.
  • Rephrasing CR to omit 'confident' eliminated reactivity.

Conclusions:

  • CR-induced reactivity is likely due to the priming effect of the word 'confident', not introspection.
  • Rephrasing CR questions to exclude 'confident' can mitigate reactivity concerns.
  • Researchers should consider modifying CR elicitation methods to preserve cognitive performance data integrity.