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Related Concept Videos

Synthetic Biology02:55

Synthetic Biology

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Synthetic biology is an interdisciplinary science that involves using principles from disciplines such as engineering, molecular biology, cell biology, and systems biology. It involves remodeling existing organisms from nature or constructing completely new synthetic organisms for applications such as protein or enzyme production, bioremediation, value-added macromolecule production, and the addition of desirable traits to crops, to name a few.
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Gene Therapy00:59

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Gene therapy is a technique where a gene is inserted into a person’s cells to prevent or treat a serious disease. The added gene may be a healthy version of the gene that is mutated in the patient, or it could be a different gene that inactivates or compensates for the patient’s disease-causing gene. For example, in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) due to a mutation in the gene for the enzyme adenosine deaminase, a functioning version of the gene can be...
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Bromination and chlorination of aromatic rings by electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions are easily achieved, but fluorination and iodination are difficult to achieve. Fluorine is so reactive that its reaction with benzene is difficult to control, resulting in poor yields of monofluoroaromatic products. To address this, Selectfluor reagent is used as a fluorine source in which a fluorine atom is bonded to a positively charged nitrogen.
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Synthetic division is an efficient algorithmic approach for dividing a polynomial by a linear binomial of the form x - c, where c is a real number. This method is helpful due to its streamlined process, which avoids the more cumbersome steps involved in the traditional long division of polynomials. It simplifies computation and serves as a practical tool for evaluating polynomials and identifying their factors.To perform synthetic division, one begins by listing the coefficients of the...
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Vectors01:30

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Vectors are mathematical entities characterized by both magnitude and direction. Unlike scalars, which are defined solely by magnitude, vectors represent quantities like displacement, velocity, and force, where direction is essential. Vectors are graphically represented as directed line segments, extending from an initial point to a terminal point, denoted with bold letters or arrows placed above the symbol. Two vectors are deemed equal if they share identical magnitudes and directions,...
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Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
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Engineering and Evolution of Synthetic Adeno-Associated Virus AAV Gene Therapy Vectors via DNA Family Shuffling
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Synthetic fluorinated polyamides as efficient gene vectors.

Mian Wang1, Han Xue1, Min Gao2

  • 1Xinxiang Medical University, Jinsui Avenue 601, Xinxiang 453003, China.

Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part B, Applied Biomaterials
|January 13, 2019
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New fluorinated polyamides show promise as efficient gene vectors. These polymers enhance cellular uptake and reduce cytotoxicity, offering a safer alternative for gene delivery applications.

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charge-reversiblefluorinated polyamidesgene deliverymorphology

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Gene Therapy

Background:

  • Polyethylenimine (PEI) is a common gene vector but can exhibit cytotoxicity.
  • Developing novel polymers with improved gene delivery efficiency and reduced side effects is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and evaluate linear fluorinated polyamides as gene vectors.
  • To investigate the structure-property-efficiency relationship of these novel polyamides.
  • To compare their performance against traditional PEI in HEK293 cells.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of linear fluorinated polyamides with reversible cationic charges.
  • Characterization of polymer physicochemical properties.
  • In vitro transfection efficiency studies in HEK293 cells.
  • Assessment of cytotoxicity, including TNF-α levels.

Main Results:

  • Feasible preparation of linear fluorinated polyamides with reversible cationic charges.
  • Uniform polymer structure allowed clear investigation of physicochemical properties and transfection efficiency.
  • Fluorinated polyamides demonstrated higher transfection efficiency compared to PEI.
  • Fluorination increased cellular uptake of polymer/DNA polyplexes.
  • Fluorinated polyamides exhibited lower cytotoxicity, indicated by reduced TNF-α induction.

Conclusions:

  • Linear fluorinated polyamides are effective and safer gene vectors.
  • Differences in chemical and physical properties between fluorinated amides and secondary amines of PEI explain efficiency variations.
  • Fluorination enhances gene delivery by increasing cellular uptake and decreasing inflammatory responses.