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Related Concept Videos

Virtual Work01:20

Virtual Work

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The principle of virtual work states that if a body is in static and dynamic equilibrium, then the sum of all the virtual work done by all external forces and couple moments for any given virtual displacement must be zero.
In static equilibrium, a body can experience an imaginary or virtual movement, such as displacement or rotation. The virtual work done by a force is equal to the dot product of force and virtual displacement in the direction of the force. When it comes to virtually rotating a...
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Protein Networks02:26

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An organism can have thousands of different proteins, and these proteins must cooperate to ensure the health of an organism. Proteins bind to other proteins and form complexes to carry out their functions. Many proteins interact with multiple other proteins creating a complex network of protein interactions.
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Network Covalent Solids02:18

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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
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Principle of Virtual Work: Problem Solving01:13

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The principle of virtual work is an essential concept in the field of mechanics and engineering. This is used to solve problems related to the equilibrium of a structure or system. It is based on the assumption that if a system is in equilibrium, the work done by all the forces during a virtual displacement is zero. This principle is applied by considering virtual displacements of the system and the corresponding work done by internal and external forces.
To apply the principle of virtual work,...
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Virtual Work for a System of Connected Rigid Bodies01:06

Virtual Work for a System of Connected Rigid Bodies

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Virtual work is a powerful method used to solve problems involving several connected rigid bodies. When the system is in equilibrium, virtual work is zero. This allows the calculation of the resulting forces when a system undergoes a virtual displacement. When attempting to analyze such a system, first, use a free-body diagram, where an independent coordinate represents the configuration of the links, and mark its deflected position resulting from the positive virtual displacement.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Automated Deployment of an Internet Protocol Telephony Service on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Using Network Functions Virtualization
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Enabling Virtual AAA Management in SDN-Based IoT Networks †.

Alejandro Molina Zarca1, Dan Garcia-Carrillo2, Jorge Bernal Bernabe3

  • 1Department of Information and Communications Engineering, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain. alejandro.mzarca@um.es.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 16, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new security framework for IoT networks using Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV). It dynamically manages authentication, authorization, accounting, and channel protection for enhanced cybersecurity.

Keywords:
AAAIoTNFVSDNbootstrappingchannel protectionsecurity policies

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Area of Science:

  • Computer Science
  • Cybersecurity
  • Network Engineering

Background:

  • The proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices introduces significant cybersecurity challenges at the network edge.
  • Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) offer potential for advanced security management in IoT environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present and evaluate a novel policy-based security framework for dynamic management of virtual security functions in SDN/NFV-enabled IoT networks.
  • To address continuous and dynamic management of Authentication, Authorization, Accounting (AAA) and Channel Protection.

Main Methods:

  • Deployment of virtual AAA (vAAA) as Virtual Network Functions (VNFs) at the network edge for scalable device bootstrapping and access control.
  • Dynamic distribution of cryptographic keys for secure Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications.
  • Implementation of virtual Channel-Protection Proxies as VNFs for establishing secure tunnels based on cognitive framework decisions.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the feasibility of dynamically managing AAA services through edge-deployed VNFs.
  • Successfully implemented dynamic crypto-key distribution for secure IoT M2M communication.
  • Validated the capability of deploying virtual channel protection functions for secure data transmission.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed framework effectively enables continuous and dynamic security management in SDN/NFV-enabled IoT networks.
  • The solution provides a scalable and adaptable approach to securing IoT devices and communications.
  • Policy-based cyber-situational awareness enhances the resilience of IoT networks against cyber-threats.