[NON-CARDIAL EFFECTS OF SGLT2 INHIBITORS (REVIEW)]

Area of Science:

• Pharmacology
• Endocrinology
• Nephrology

Background:

• Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) management requires novel therapeutic strategies.
• Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors represent a new class of antidiabetic agents.
• Understanding their efficacy and safety profile is crucial for clinical application.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the efficacy and safety of SGLT2 inhibitors in T2DM treatment.
• To analyze the mechanism of action involving renal glucose reabsorption inhibition.
• To identify areas requiring further investigation regarding potential adverse effects.

Main Methods:

• Review of clinical and experimental studies on SGLT2 inhibitors.
• Analysis of data on efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics.
• Evaluation of the mechanism of inhibiting renal glucose reabsorption.

Main Results:

• SGLT2 inhibitors provide a non-insulin-dependent mechanism for glycemic control.
• These drugs demonstrate favorable pharmacokinetic properties and good tolerance.
• Potential risks include glucosuria-associated genitourinary infections, increased creatinine, urinary calcium excretion, and ketogenesis, warranting further analysis.

Conclusions:

• SGLT2 inhibitors are a promising therapeutic option for T2DM.
• Further detailed analysis is required for risks such as genitourinary infections, renal effects, and potential long-term oncogenic or nephrogenic impacts.
• Risk-benefit assessment for SGLT2 inhibitors needs continued evaluation.