THE RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME (REVIEW)

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Sleep Medicine
• Genetics

Background:

• Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS), also known as Willis-Ekbom disease, is a prevalent sleep-related neurological disorder.
• RLS affects 1-10% of the population, with prevalence increasing with age and a higher incidence in women.
• Key characteristics include an urge to move the legs, sensory disturbances, and symptom exacerbation during rest and at night.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS).
• To discuss the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and potential comorbidities of RLS.
• To outline current understanding of RLS etiology and treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of RLS prevalence, symptoms, and contributing factors.
• Analysis of etiological aspects, including genetic and neurochemical influences.
• Summary of established and emerging treatment modalities for RLS.

Main Results:

• RLS is common, particularly in older adults and women, significantly impacting sleep and daily activities.
• Comorbidities such as iron deficiency and renal insufficiency are frequently associated with RLS.
• Primary RLS etiology involves genetic factors, dopaminergic dysfunction, and altered iron metabolism.

Conclusions:

• Effective management of RLS includes non-pharmacological interventions and medications like dopamine agonists or anticonvulsants.
• Treatment of underlying conditions is crucial for secondary or comorbid RLS.
• Further research into the idiopathic RLS etiology is warranted.