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Epidemiology of Celiac Disease
Jonas F Ludvigsson1, Joseph A Murray2
1Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 1, Solna 171 77, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden; Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, City Hospital, Clinical Sciences Building 2, Nottingham, UK; Department of Medicine, Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
Celiac disease is a chronic inflammatory disorder triggered by gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. Its global prevalence is increasing, with unknown environmental causes.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Immunology
- Genetics
Background:
- Celiac disease is a common, chronic inflammatory small intestine disorder.
- It is triggered by gluten in genetically predisposed individuals, affecting all ages and genders globally.
- Presentation varies widely, from asymptomatic cases to severe malnutrition.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide an overview of celiac disease.
- To highlight its increasing prevalence and incidence.
- To discuss diagnostic methods and the current lack of understanding regarding causative environmental factors.
Main Methods:
- Detection relies on celiac-specific serology.
- Confirmation typically requires an intestinal biopsy.
- Prevalence and incidence trends are analyzed over the past two decades.
Main Results:
- Celiac disease is a global disorder with increasing prevalence and incidence.
- Diagnostic tools include serology and intestinal biopsy.
- The exact environmental triggers for the rise in celiac disease remain unclear.
Conclusions:
- Celiac disease is a significant global health issue with rising trends.
- Early detection and diagnosis are crucial.
- Further research is needed to identify the environmental factors driving the increased incidence of celiac disease.
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