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Celiac Disease: Clinical Features and Diagnosis
Isabel A Hujoel1, Norelle R Reilly2, Alberto Rubio-Tapia1
1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Gastroenterology Clinics of North America
|February 4, 2019
Summary
Celiac disease presentation is evolving, with nonclassical symptoms becoming more common. Early suspicion and awareness of extraintestinal signs are crucial for diagnosis, often confirmed by serology and biopsy.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Immunology
- Pediatrics
Background:
- Celiac disease presentation is shifting from classical malabsorption to nonclassical symptoms.
- Clinicians must maintain high suspicion for celiac disease and recognize extraintestinal manifestations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the changing clinical presentation of celiac disease.
- To emphasize the diagnostic approach for celiac disease.
Main Methods:
- Diagnosis involves initial serological screening.
- Confirmation typically requires upper endoscopy and small intestinal biopsy.
- Biopsy may be omitted in select pediatric cases.
Main Results:
- Celiac disease increasingly presents with nonclassical symptoms.
- Extraintestinal manifestations are common and require clinical awareness.
Conclusions:
- A high index of suspicion is necessary for diagnosing celiac disease.
- Diagnostic strategies include serology and biopsy, with potential biopsy avoidance in pediatric cases.
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