Gender Disparities in Trauma Care: How Sex Determines Treatment, Behavior, and Outcome

Trauma data bank and other research reveal sex disparities in trauma care. Risk-taking behaviors leading to traumatic injury have been associated with sex, menstrual cycle timing, and cortisol levels. Trauma patient treatment stratified by sex reveals differences in access to services at trauma centers as well as specific treatments, such as venous thromboembolism prophylaxis and massive transfusion component ratios. Trauma patient outcomes, such as in-hospital mortality, multiple organ failure, pneumonia, and sepsis are associated with sex disparities in the general trauma patient. Outcome after general trauma and specifically traumatic brain injury show mixed results with respect to sex disparity.