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Related Concept Videos

Lysosomes01:31

Lysosomes

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Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed spherical sacs derived from the Golgi apparatus. The most important function of the lysosome is degrading macromolecules and biological polymers that are released during membrane trafficking events such as the secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The degradation is carried out by several hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen. These acid hydrolases are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling,...
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Lysosomal Hydrolases01:22

Lysosomal Hydrolases

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Lysosomes are the site for the degradation of macromolecules and biological polymers released during membrane trafficking events such as secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The membrane-enclosed area of the lysosome, called the lumen, contains hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment. These acid hydrolases are functional at a pH between 4.5 and 5 and are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling, energy metabolism, restoration of the plasma membrane,...
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Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

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Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
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Chemistry of the Cell02:58

Chemistry of the Cell

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The cell is chemically composed of water, organic molecules and inorganic ions.
Water
The polarity of the water molecule and its resulting hydrogen bonding makes water a unique substance with special properties that are intimately tied to the processes of life. Life originally evolved in an aqueous environment, and most of an organism’s cellular chemistry and metabolism occur inside the aqueous contents of the cell’s cytoplasm. Special properties of water are its high heat capacity...
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What are Cells?01:07

What are Cells?

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Cells are the smallest and basic units of life, whether it is a single cell that forms the entire organism, e.g., in a bacterium or trillions of them, e.g., in humans. No matter what organism a cell is a part of, they share specific characteristics.
Basic Characteristics of Cells
A living cell has a plasma membrane, a bilayer of lipids that separates the aqueous solution inside the cell called the cytoplasm from the outside environment.
Furthermore, a living cell possesses genetic information...
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What is Cell Signaling?02:03

What is Cell Signaling?

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Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes. Additionally, cells often need to communicate with one another. Unicellular and multicellular organisms use a variety of cell signaling mechanisms to communicate to respond to the environment.
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Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Multicolor Flow Cytometry-based Quantification of Mitochondria and Lysosomes in T Cells
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Multicolor Flow Cytometry-based Quantification of Mitochondria and Lysosomes in T Cells

Published on: January 9, 2019

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Lysosomes Dare Cells to be Different(iated).

Agnes Roczniak-Ferguson1, Shawn M Ferguson1

  • 1Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.

Cell Stem Cell
|February 9, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified key regulators of embryonic stem cell (ESC) pluripotency using a genome-wide CRISPR screen. This revealed how lysosomal signaling impacts cellular metabolism and identified a related human developmental disease.

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Last Updated: Jan 29, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Genetics
  • Cellular metabolism

Background:

  • Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) possess pluripotency, enabling differentiation into various cell types.
  • Understanding ESC pluripotency regulation is crucial for developmental biology and regenerative medicine.
  • Lysosomes play roles beyond degradation, influencing cellular signaling pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify novel regulators of ESC pluripotency.
  • To elucidate the role of lysosomal signaling in regulating cellular metabolism.
  • To investigate the genetic basis of human developmental diseases linked to these processes.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-wide CRISPR screening in ESCs to identify pluripotency regulators.
  • Analysis of lysosomal signaling pathways.
  • Human genetic studies to identify disease-associated mutations.

Main Results:

  • Identification of specific genes and pathways regulating ESC pluripotency.
  • Demonstration that lysosomal signaling influences transcriptional regulation of cellular metabolism.
  • Discovery of a human developmental disease linked to defects in this lysosome-metabolism regulatory axis.

Conclusions:

  • Lysosomal signaling is a critical component of ESC pluripotency regulation.
  • Dysregulation of lysosome-mediated metabolic control can lead to human developmental disorders.
  • This study provides new targets for understanding stem cell function and human disease.