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General Properties of Solutions02:12

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Many common substances around us exist as a solution, such as ocean water, air, and gasoline. All solutions are mixtures of substances that are composed of varying amounts of two or more types of atoms or molecules. A mixture with a non-uniform composition is a heterogeneous mixture, whereas a mixture with a uniform composition is a homogeneous mixture. The components that make the homogeneous mixture are evenly spread out and thoroughly mixed. 
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Local Knowledge and Single IRBs for Multisite Studies: Challenges and Solutions.

Robert Klitzman1, Ekaterina Pivovarova2, Alexandra Murray3

  • 1Professor of psychiatry and the director of the Master of Science in Bioethics Program at Columbia University.

Ethics & Human Research
|February 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Single Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) face challenges integrating local knowledge into multisite study reviews. Findings highlight the need for enhanced data collection on cultural, geographic, and institutional factors to ensure comprehensive ethical oversight.

Keywords:
Common Rulehuman subjects researchlocal IRBsmultisite studiesresearch ethicssingle IRBs

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Health Policy
  • Research Ethics

Background:

  • New federal policies mandate single Institutional Review Board (IRB) review for multisite research studies.
  • Significant questions persist regarding how single IRBs effectively incorporate essential local knowledge into their reviews.
  • This study addresses the gap in understanding single IRBs' perceptions and utilization of local context.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how single IRBs perceive the necessity and application of local knowledge in multisite study reviews.
  • To identify challenges encountered by single IRBs in obtaining and utilizing relevant local information.
  • To inform policy and practice regarding the integration of local context in single IRB reviews.

Main Methods:

  • Qualitative study examining the perspectives of single IRB members and staff.
  • Analysis of identified types of local knowledge relevant to multisite studies.
  • Evaluation of current standardized forms for single IRB review regarding local information collection.

Main Results:

  • Respondents identified four key types of local knowledge: cultural/linguistic, geographic/socioeconomic, researcher-specific, and institutional.
  • Single IRBs may lack awareness of crucial local information and face barriers due to limited informal relationships with local sites.
  • Existing standardized forms may not capture sufficient local information needed for thorough review.

Conclusions:

  • Single IRBs encounter significant challenges in accessing and utilizing local knowledge, potentially impacting the ethical oversight of multisite studies.
  • There is a need to refine data collection methods and forms to better incorporate diverse types of local information.
  • Implications for policy, practice, and future research are significant, emphasizing the importance of context-specific ethical review.