Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 28, 2026
19:15
Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
Published on: August 25, 2014
87.6K
Stochastic Counterfactual Risk Analysis for the Vulnerability Assessment of Cyber-Physical Attacks on Electricity
Edward J Oughton1,2, Daniel Ralph2, Raghav Pant1
1Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Risk Analysis : an Official Publication of the Society for Risk Analysis
|February 28, 2019
Summary
To prevent widespread power outages from cyber-physical attacks on electricity grids, invest equally in all substations. Prioritize critical infrastructure substations for enhanced cybersecurity to avoid cascading failures.
Area of Science:
- Engineering
- Computer Science
- Economics
Background:
- The 2015 Ukrainian power grid cyber-physical attack highlighted critical infrastructure vulnerabilities.
- Limited data and rapid cyber evolution hinder resilience analytics for cyber-physical threats.
Purpose of the Study:
- Develop a new vulnerability assessment framework for cyber-physical attacks on electricity networks.
- Analyze socioeconomic impacts of such attacks on the London distribution network.
Main Methods:
- Applied stochastic counterfactual risk analysis to overcome data limitations.
- Modeled a Ukrainian-style cyber-physical attack scenario for London's electricity grid.
Main Results:
- Equal resource allocation across substations is key to preventing attack scaling and population disruption.
- Substations supporting Critical National Infrastructure require additional cybersecurity investment to prevent cascading failures.
Conclusions:
- Balancing cybersecurity investments across all substations is crucial for grid resilience.
- Further research needed on inter-institutional tradeoffs in risk mitigation and value metrics for diverse stakeholders.
Related Concept Videos
01:19Counterfactual Thinking
238
Counterfactual thinking is a cognitive process wherein individuals mentally reconstruct alternative versions of past events, often beginning with “what if” or “if only.” This reflective mechanism plays a significant role in shaping emotional experiences and guiding future behavior. Though typically triggered by unfavorable or unexpected outcomes, counterfactual thinking can also emerge in mundane, everyday decisions and experiences, revealing its deep entrenchment in...
238
01:21Acid Attack on Concrete
747
When acids come into contact with concrete, they initiate a chemical reaction that dissolves the hydrated cement paste. This process leads to softening and structural weakening of the concrete. This issue is commonly observed in environments such as chimneys, sewers, and industrial settings. The severity of the damage increases as the pH of the water interacting with the concrete drops below 6.5. In particular, a pH under 4.5 can cause significant concrete damage.
The rate at which hydrogen...
The rate at which hydrogen...
747
01:27Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract II: Inspection
923
Physical assessment of the respiratory tract through inspection is a crucial step in understanding the patient's respiratory health. It provides insights into the functioning of the respiratory system, the musculoskeletal structure, and even the patient's nutritional status. This comprehensive approach involves observing several vital aspects: chest configuration, breathing patterns, respiratory rates, skin color, and use of accessory muscles.
Chest Configuration
The chest configuration...
Chest Configuration
The chest configuration...
923
02:18Network Covalent Solids
16.1K
Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
16.1K
01:24Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract II: Palpation
1.8K
Physical assessment of the respiratory tract is critical in identifying potential health issues. One key component of this assessment is palpation, a technique healthcare providers use to assess the body for abnormalities. This content explores the method of palpation in evaluating the respiratory tract, focusing on thoracic palpation and tactile fremitus.
Thoracic Palpation
Thoracic palpation detects tenderness, masses, lesions, respiratory excursions, and vocal fremitus. The nurse assesses...
Thoracic Palpation
Thoracic palpation detects tenderness, masses, lesions, respiratory excursions, and vocal fremitus. The nurse assesses...
1.8K
01:29Sulfate Attack on Concrete
727
Sulfate attack on concrete is a deterioration process characterized by a whitish discoloration beginning at the edges and corners, accompanied by cracking and spalling. This phenomenon occurs when sulfates react with the components of hardened concrete, forming compounds like calcium sulfate and calcium sulfoaluminate which occupy more space than the substances they replace, causing the concrete to expand and disrupt.
Sulfates from sources like soil, groundwater, or industrial effluents...
Sulfates from sources like soil, groundwater, or industrial effluents...
727