Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Interaction of EM Radiation with Matter: Spectroscopy01:12

Interaction of EM Radiation with Matter: Spectroscopy

3.2K
Electromagnetic (EM) radiation can be considered an oscillating electric and magnetic field propagating through a medium that can interact with matter in its path. The electric field in the radiation can interact with electrical charges in the atoms or molecules in the matter. On the other hand, the magnetic field can interact with the magnetic field in the atomic nucleus. The study of the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and matter is termed spectroscopy. Spectroscopy is the study...
3.2K
Classifying Matter by State02:49

Classifying Matter by State

103.0K
Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. Matter is all around us; the air, water, soil, mountains, even our bodies are all examples of matter. Matter is divided into three states — solid, liquid, and gas — that are commonly found on earth. The fourth state of matter, plasma, occurs naturally in the interiors of stars. 
103.0K
Classifying Matter by Composition03:35

Classifying Matter by Composition

90.2K
Matter: Pure Substances and Mixtures
According to its composition, the matter can be classified into two broad categories — pure substances and mixtures. 
A pure substance is a form of matter that has a constant composition throughout with uniform properties. For example, any sample of sucrose has the same composition and same physical properties, such as melting point, color, and sweetness, regardless of the source from which it is isolated. 
A mixture is composed of two or...
90.2K
Real Time RT-PCR02:57

Real Time RT-PCR

65.0K
Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, or Real-time RT-PCR, is an analytical tool used to determine the expression level of target genes. The method involves converting mRNA to complementary DNA with the help of an enzyme known as reverse transcriptase, followed by the PCR amplification of the cDNA. These two processes can be performed simultaneously in a single tube or separately as a two-step reaction.
The real-time quantification of the number of amplified products is...
65.0K
Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter02:57

Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter

166.1K
The characteristics that enable us to distinguish one substance from another are called properties.
166.1K
The Atomic Theory of Matter02:59

The Atomic Theory of Matter

127.7K
The earliest recorded discussion of the basic structure of matter comes from ancient Greek philosophers. Leucippus and Democritus argued that all matter was composed of small, finite particles that they called atomos, meaning “indivisible.” Later, Aristotle and others came to the conclusion that matter consisted of various combinations of the four “elements” — fire, earth, air, and water — and could be infinitely divided. Interestingly, these philosophers...
127.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Multimodal LLM vs. Human-Measured Features for AI Predictions of Autism in Home Videos.

Algorithms·2026
Same author

Ensemble Modeling of Multiple Physical Indicators to Dynamically Phenotype Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Algorithms·2026
Same author

Remote Assessment of Parkinson Disease Using Deep Learning on Structured Mouse-Trace Data From Suspected Cases: Machine-Learning Pilot Feasibility Study.

JMIR formative research·2026
Same author

Correlates of Fitness Tracker Ownership and Use in Cancer Survivors: Cross-Sectional Survey.

JMIR cancer·2026
Same author

Aiding Large Language Models Using Clinical Scoresheets for Neurobehavioral Diagnostic Classification From Text: Algorithm Development and Validation.

JMIR AI·2025
Same author

mHealth technologies in research studying cardiovascular health in cancer: A systematic review.

PLOS digital health·2025
Same journal

Chemotactic self-organization captures the dynamics of mammalian hair follicle patterning.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Tomographic imaging of superconducting order using particle-hole interference.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Inhibitory potential of autologous neutralizing antibodies sets quantitative limits on the rebound-competent HIV-1 reservoir.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Inferring epidemiological parameters under an infectious phylogeography model with visitor dynamics.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Analytical modeling for suction cup designs for skin-interfaced wearable devices.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Improving cell-free metabolism through direct integration of artificial respiratory chains.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

A Real-Time Interactive System for Studying Confrontational Pursuit Behavior in Rodents
06:25

A Real-Time Interactive System for Studying Confrontational Pursuit Behavior in Rodents

Published on: May 16, 2025

1.4K

Interactive programming paradigm for real-time experimentation with remote living matter.

Peter Washington1, Karina G Samuel-Gama1, Shirish Goyal1

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|March 3, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new programming paradigm and web toolkit called Bioty enable users to control living microorganisms like Euglena cells in cloud laboratories. This innovation makes life science experimentation accessible to a broader audience, including citizen scientists and learners.

Keywords:
augmented realitycloud laboratoryhuman–computer interactioninteractive biotechnologyswarm programming

More Related Videos

Two Different Real-Time Place Preference Paradigms Using Optogenetics within the Ventral Tegmental Area of the Mouse
05:50

Two Different Real-Time Place Preference Paradigms Using Optogenetics within the Ventral Tegmental Area of the Mouse

Published on: February 12, 2020

14.5K
Experimental Investigation of the Hierarchical Control in DC Microgrids Using a Real-time Simulator
06:04

Experimental Investigation of the Hierarchical Control in DC Microgrids Using a Real-time Simulator

Published on: February 14, 2025

1.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 28, 2026

A Real-Time Interactive System for Studying Confrontational Pursuit Behavior in Rodents
06:25

A Real-Time Interactive System for Studying Confrontational Pursuit Behavior in Rodents

Published on: May 16, 2025

1.4K
Two Different Real-Time Place Preference Paradigms Using Optogenetics within the Ventral Tegmental Area of the Mouse
05:50

Two Different Real-Time Place Preference Paradigms Using Optogenetics within the Ventral Tegmental Area of the Mouse

Published on: February 12, 2020

14.5K
Experimental Investigation of the Hierarchical Control in DC Microgrids Using a Real-time Simulator
06:04

Experimental Investigation of the Hierarchical Control in DC Microgrids Using a Real-time Simulator

Published on: February 14, 2025

1.0K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Bioinformatics
  • Educational Technology

Background:

  • Advancements in life-science automation enable new human-microorganism interactions via cloud laboratories.
  • A key challenge is the lack of programming interfaces for manipulating living matter in experiments.
  • This limits access for both experts and nonexperts in remote and on-site life-science experimentation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conceptualize and implement a programming paradigm for controlling living matter.
  • To develop a user-friendly interface for real-time manipulation and simulation of biological processes.
  • To lower access barriers in life sciences for diverse user groups.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptualized a programming paradigm with stimulus/sensor control and simulation modes.
  • Developed
  • Bioty
  • , a JavaScript-based web toolkit.
  • Enabled real-time interaction with phototactic Euglena cell swarms in a cloud laboratory setting.

Main Results:

  • Users with limited biology and intermediate programming knowledge successfully created scientific applications and games.
  • Demonstrated the effectiveness of the Bioty toolkit for remote and on-site experimentation.
  • Validated the paradigm's potential for diverse applications and user engagement.

Conclusions:

  • The developed programming paradigm and Bioty toolkit effectively enable user control over living matter.
  • This approach significantly lowers barriers to life science experimentation for a wide range of users.
  • Informs future development of programming environments for living matter control, microfabrication, and swarm robotics.