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Cholecystitis

Cholecystitis

Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, most commonly caused by obstruction of the cystic duct. This blockage prevents bile from draining, leading to gallbladder distension, inflammation, and potentially serious complications. This condition may present acutely or chronically and can happen with or without gallstones.EtiologyAbout 95% of cholecystitis cases are calculous, caused by gallstones blocking the cystic duct, leading to bile accumulation and inflammation of the gallbladder...

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Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Three Differential Expression Analysis Methods for RNA Sequencing: limma, EdgeR, DESeq2

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Published on: September 18, 2021

Cholangiocarcinoma.

Adeel S Khan¹, Leigh Anne Dageforde²

¹Section of Abdominal Transplant Surgery, Washington University St Louis, One Barnes-Jewish Hospital Plaza, Suite 6107 Queeny Tower, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.

The Surgical Clinics of North America

|March 9, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Cholangiocarcinoma, a rare bile duct cancer, is increasing in the West. Surgical outcomes depend on margin status and lymph node spread.

Keywords:

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA)Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (EHCCA)Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCCA)Klatskin tumor Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (PHCCA)

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Gastroenterology
Pathology

Background:

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare malignancy, representing 2% of all cancers.
CCA incidence is rising globally, particularly in Western countries.
This cancer originates from the bile duct's epithelial lining throughout the biliary tree.

Purpose of the Study:

To summarize the epidemiology and classification of cholangiocarcinoma.
To highlight key prognostic factors in postsurgical outcomes.

Main Methods:

Review of epidemiological data on cholangiocarcinoma incidence.
Classification of cholangiocarcinoma based on anatomical location.
Identification of critical determinants for surgical success.

Main Results:

Cholangiocarcinoma incidence is increasing in the Western world.
Subtypes include intrahepatic, perihilar, and distal cholangiocarcinoma.
Positive surgical margins and lymph node metastasis significantly impact patient outcomes.

Conclusions:

Cholangiocarcinoma is an uncommon but growing malignancy.
Accurate classification and assessment of surgical margins and nodal status are crucial for predicting patient prognosis.