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Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Biliary Drainage: Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Hepaticogastrostomy in Malignant Biliary Obstruction
Published on: March 25, 2022
Advances in Endoscopic Imaging of the Biliary Tree
Saurabh Mukewar1, David Carr-Locke1
1David H. Koch Medical Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Medical, College of Cornell University, New York Presbyterian Hospital, 1278 York Avenue, 9th Floor, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Digital single-operator cholangioscopy advances biliary tree imaging. New devices and techniques expand its applications, improving diagnosis and treatment of biliary conditions.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology
- Minimally Invasive Surgery
Background:
- Direct endoscopic imaging of the biliary tree has advanced with single-operator cholangioscopy.
- Challenges in peroral cholangioscopy are being addressed by new multibending scopes and dedicated devices.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the evolving indications and technological advancements in direct peroral cholangioscopy.
- To highlight progress in imaging techniques and their clinical applications.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent technological developments in cholangioscopy devices.
- Analysis of expanding clinical indications for cholangioscopy.
- Overview of complementary advanced imaging modalities.
Main Results:
- Development of single-operator and multibending cholangioscopes.
- Expansion of indications to include lithotripsy, stent removal, and photodynamic therapy.
- Integration of advanced imaging like intraductal ultrasound and optical coherence tomography.
Conclusions:
- Cholangioscopy technology and applications are rapidly evolving.
- These advancements enhance diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities for biliary tree diseases.
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Functional groups are groups of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and are sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.
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