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Pressure Distribution and Shear Forces inside the Proton.

P E Shanahan1,2, W Detmold1

  • 1Center for Theoretical Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|March 9, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lattice quantum chromodynamics calculations reveal the proton's internal pressure and shear forces for the first time, offering model-independent insights into its structure. This research guides future experiments for more precise measurements.

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Physics
  • Particle Physics
  • Quantum Chromodynamics

Background:

  • Proton structure is fundamental to understanding nuclear forces.
  • Previous models relied on assumptions for internal force distributions.
  • Lattice Quantum Chromodynamics (LQCD) offers a non-perturbative approach.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the distributions of pressure and shear forces inside the proton.
  • To provide the first model-independent determination of these forces.
  • To guide future experimental efforts for enhanced precision.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing lattice quantum chromodynamics (LQCD) calculations.
  • Computing contributions from the energy momentum tensor.
  • Combining recent LQCD gluon contributions with earlier quark contributions.

Main Results:

  • Achieved the first model-independent determination of internal proton pressure and shear forces.
  • Validated and supplemented assumptions in previous deeply virtual Compton scattering analyses.
  • Identified target kinematics for future precision measurements.

Conclusions:

  • LQCD calculations are crucial for understanding proton internal structure.
  • This work provides a foundation for future experimental investigations at facilities like JLab and EIC.
  • Precise determination of pressure and shear forces advances our knowledge of the proton.