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Related Concept Videos

What is a Frequency Distribution00:51

What is a Frequency Distribution

26.9K
A frequency is the number of times a value of the data occurs. The sum of all the frequency values represents the total number of students included in the sample. It is commonly used to group data of quantitative types. Frequency distributions can be displayed in a table, histogram, line graph, dot plot, or pie chart, just to name a few. A histogram is a graphical representation of tabulated frequencies, shown as adjacent rectangles, erected over discrete intervals (bins), with an area equal to...
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Mean From a Frequency Distribution01:11

Mean From a Frequency Distribution

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Sometimes, data gathered from an experiment on a large sample or population are organized into concise tables. In such cases, the frequency of the quantitative data set is plotted in the form of a table. Or else, the data values are grouped into the quantity’s intervals, which form classes, and their respective frequencies are known. That is, the data values are distributed over different categories or classes. This is known as frequency distribution.
When such a data set is encountered,...
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Construction of Frequency Distribution01:15

Construction of Frequency Distribution

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A frequency distribution table can be constructed using the steps given below.
First, make a table with two columns—one with the title of the data that needs to be organized, and the other column for frequency. [Draw a third column for tally marks if needed]. Then, take a look at the items given in the data set and decide if an ungrouped frequency distribution table or a grouped frequency distribution table would be more suitable. If there are large sets of different values, then it is...
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Percentage Frequency Distribution00:57

Percentage Frequency Distribution

63.1K
A percentage frequency distribution, in general, is a display of data that indicates the percentage of observations for each data point or grouping of data points. It is a commonly used method for expressing the relative frequency of survey responses and other data. The percentage frequency distributions are often displayed as bar graphs, pie charts, or tables.
The process of making a percentage frequency distribution involves the following few steps: note the total number of observations;...
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Relative Frequency Distribution00:55

Relative Frequency Distribution

13.2K
A relative frequency distribution is the proportion or fraction of times a value occurs in a data set. To find the relative frequencies, one can divide each frequency by the total number of data points in the sample. It is very similar to a regular frequency distribution, except that instead of reporting how many data values fall in a class, a relative frequency distribution reports the fraction of data values that fall in a class. These fractions or proportions are called relative frequencies...
13.2K
Cumulative Frequency Distribution01:04

Cumulative Frequency Distribution

8.2K
A cumulative frequency distribution is another type of frequency distribution. Instead of reporting how many data values fall in some classes, it reports how many data values are contained in either that class or any class to its left. Technically, it means the sum of frequencies of the class and all the classes below it in a frequency distribution. A cumulative frequency is calculated by adding the frequency of each class lower than the corresponding class interval or category. In general, a...
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Related Experiment Video

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Fiber Optic Distributed Sensors for High-resolution Temperature Field Mapping
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Real-time quasi-distributed fiber optic sensor based on resonance frequency mapping.

Gyeong Hun Kim1, Sang Min Park1, Chang Hyun Park1

  • 1Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Korea.

Scientific Reports
|March 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary

A new resonance frequency mapping technique enhances distributed optical fiber sensors using identical weak fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs). This method improves signal strength and enables real-time strain monitoring with high speed and accuracy.

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics and Optical Sensing
  • Fiber Optic Sensing Technology
  • Instrumentation and Measurement

Background:

  • Distributed optical fiber sensors (DOFS) are crucial for large-scale monitoring of strain and temperature.
  • Conventional DOFS face challenges with weak backscatter signals, limiting resolution, speed, and increasing complexity.
  • Existing methods struggle with crosstalk and optical power depletion in systems with multiple sensors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel resonance frequency mapping technique for quasi-distributed fiber optic sensing.
  • To overcome the limitations of ultraweak backscatter signals in traditional DOFS.
  • To enable real-time, high-speed, and accurate strain measurements using identical weak fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs).

Main Methods:

  • Development of a resonance frequency mapping technique utilizing identical weak FBGs.
  • Implementation of an all-fiber electro-optic configuration for signal amplification through multiple round-trip propagations.
  • Real-time acquisition and mapping of resonance frequency spectra for dynamic strain response.

Main Results:

  • Achieved significantly stronger reflection signals compared to conventional single round-trip measurements.
  • Demonstrated simultaneous quasi-distributed strain measurements with high speed (>5 kHz).
  • Exhibited high stability (~2.4 με) and linearity (R² = 0.9999) in strain measurements with low crosstalk and power depletion.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed resonance frequency mapping effectively addresses limitations of conventional DOFS by amplifying signals from weak FBGs.
  • This technique allows for individual, real-time interrogation of numerous quasi-distributed FBGs with high signal-to-noise ratio.
  • The developed system offers a robust, high-performance solution for dynamic strain monitoring applications.