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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Radii03:10

Ionic Radii

33.4K
Ionic radius is the measure used to describe the size of an ion. A cation always has fewer electrons and the same number of protons as the parent atom; it is smaller than the atom from which it is derived. For example, the covalent radius of an aluminum atom (1s22s22p63s23p1) is 118 pm, whereas the ionic radius of an Al3+ (1s22s22p6) is 68 pm. As electrons are removed from the outer valence shell, the remaining core electrons occupying smaller shells experience a greater effective nuclear...
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Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
20.0K
Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

129.7K
Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
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What is an Electrochemical Gradient?01:26

What is an Electrochemical Gradient?

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Adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, is considered the primary energy source in cells. However, energy can also be stored in the electrochemical gradient of an ion across the plasma membrane, which is determined by two factors: its chemical and electrical gradients.
The chemical gradient relies on differences in the abundance of a substance on the outside versus the inside of a cell and flows from areas of high to low ion concentration. In contrast, the electrical gradient revolves around an...
127.5K
Solubility of Ionic Compounds02:55

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

68.1K
Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
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Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

16.9K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
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Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature

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CMOS Monolithic Electrochemical Gas Sensor Microsystem Using Room Temperature Ionic Liquid.

Heyu Yin1, Xiaoyi Mu2, Haitao Li3

  • 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA (yinheyu@msu.edu).

IEEE Sensors Journal
|April 2, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel CMOS monolithic gas sensor microsystem uses room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) materials for efficient personal healthcare monitoring. This compact, low-power device achieves high sensitivity and rapid response for applications like air pollutant monitoring.

Keywords:
electrochemicalgas sensormonolithic microsystemroom temperature ionic liquid

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrical Engineering
  • Sensor Technology

Background:

  • Existing gas sensor technologies struggle to meet the performance, size, power, and cost demands for personal healthcare monitoring.
  • A need exists for integrated, low-power, and cost-effective gas sensing solutions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a new CMOS monolithic gas sensor microsystem utilizing room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) sensing materials.
  • To demonstrate the device's architecture, design, and performance for gas sensing applications.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a CMOS monolithic gas sensor integrating electrochemical readout circuits, post-CMOS planar electrodes, and RTIL sensing materials.
  • Characterization of the microsystem's performance, including power consumption, size, response linearity, limit of detection, and response time.
  • Comparison of monolithic integration versus hybrid implementation for manufacturing cost and detection limits.

Main Results:

  • The monolithic gas sensor occupies <0.5mm² per channel with 1.4mW power consumption.
  • Demonstrated highly linear oxygen response (R² = 0.995) from 0-21% concentration.
  • Achieved a limit of detection of 0.06% and a 1-second response time for oxygen.
  • Monolithic integration reduced manufacturing cost and improved limits of detection by fivefold compared to hybrid approaches.

Conclusions:

  • The developed CMOS-RTIL gas sensor microsystem meets the demanding requirements for personal healthcare monitoring.
  • Monolithic integration offers significant advantages in cost reduction and enhanced performance for gas sensing.
  • This device is an ideal platform for portable/wearable gas sensing, including air pollutant monitoring.