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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Ecology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Range expansions drive rapid evolution through selection and neutral mechanisms.
  • Distinguishing selection from neutral processes (e.g., gene surfing) is crucial for predicting expansion dynamics.
  • Replicated natural expansions are needed to isolate these genomic processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify genomic signatures of neutral mechanisms in replicated range expansions.
  • To assess the contribution of standing variation and new mutations to these genomic changes.
  • To link genomic divergence to variation in population size and expansion speed.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized replicated microcosms of the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum).
  • Analyzed genomic changes over eight generations of expansion.
  • Assessed genetic diversity and genomic divergence across replicate populations.

Main Results:

  • Identified a robust signature of stochastic, neutral mechanisms in genomic changes.
  • Observed reduced genetic diversity within edge populations, with significant among-replicate variability.
  • Genomic divergence correlated with increased variation in population size and expansion speed.

Conclusions:

  • Stochastic, neutral processes play a significant role in genomic changes during range expansions.
  • Genomic variation arising from neutral mechanisms can increase the unpredictability of expansion dynamics.
  • Understanding these neutral effects is key for accurate predictions of species' spread.