Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 26, 2026
05:43
Four-Dimensional Printing of Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogel-Based Soft Robots
Published on: January 13, 2023
4.2K
Stimuli-Responsive Phosphorus-Based Polymers.
1Institute of Polymer Chemistry Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenberger Straße 69 4040 Linz Austria.
European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry
|April 16, 2019
Summary
Recent advances in stimuli-responsive polymers featuring phosphorus in their backbone, like polyphosphazenes and polyphosphoesters, offer unique material properties. These phosphorus-based polymers respond to stimuli such as pH, temperature, and biological triggers.
Area of Science:
- Polymer Chemistry
- Materials Science
- Organic Chemistry
Background:
- Stimuli-responsive polymers are crucial for advanced materials.
- Phosphorus-containing polymers offer unique properties due to the element's presence in the main chain.
- Existing organic polymers have limitations in specific responsive applications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advancements in stimuli-responsive polymers containing phosphorus in the main chain.
- To highlight the synthesis and properties of polyphosphazenes and polyphosphoesters.
- To contextualize phosphorus-based polymers against state-of-the-art organic polymers.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent literature on phosphorus-based stimuli-responsive polymers.
- Discussion of controlled synthesis techniques for backbone functionalization.
- Analysis of polymer responses to various stimuli (pH, redox, temperature, biological).
Main Results:
- Phosphorus incorporation in polymer backbones enables unique stimuli-responsive behaviors.
- Controlled synthesis and functionalization are key to tailoring polymer responsiveness.
- Phosphorus-based polymers demonstrate significant potential for applications triggered by pH, redox, temperature, and biological factors.
Conclusions:
- Phosphorus-based polymers, particularly polyphosphazenes and polyphosphoesters, represent a significant advancement in stimuli-responsive materials.
- Developments in synthetic polymer chemistry have greatly enhanced the ability to design these responsive materials.
- These polymers offer a promising alternative or complement to traditional organic polymers for specific applications.
Related Concept Videos
02:34Polymers
40.6K
The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
40.6K
02:34Polymers
23.2K
23.2K
01:21The Phosphorus Cycle
43.8K
Unlike carbon, water, and nitrogen, phosphorus is not present in the atmosphere as a gas. Instead, most phosphorus in the ecosystem exists as compounds, such as phosphate ions (PO43-), found in soil, water, sediment and rocks. Phosphorus is often a limiting nutrient (i.e., in short supply). Consequently, phosphorus is added to most agricultural fertilizers, which can cause environmental problems related to runoff in aquatic ecosystems.
43.8K
02:30Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur
6.9K
Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
A consequence of chirality is the need for enantiomeric resolution. While this is theoretically possible for all...
A consequence of chirality is the need for enantiomeric resolution. While this is theoretically possible for all...
6.9K
01:14Polymer Classification: Architecture
3.8K
Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
3.8K
01:21Polymer Classification: Crystallinity
3.8K
Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
3.8K