Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Blood Flow-Limited Versus Diffusion-Limited Models00:57

Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Blood Flow-Limited Versus Diffusion-Limited Models

348
Physiological pharmacokinetic models, often called flow-limited or perfusion models, typically assume a swift drug distribution between tissue and venous blood, creating a rapid drug equilibrium. This premise is based on the idea that drug diffusion is extremely fast, and the cell membrane presents no barrier to drug permeation. In this scenario, where no drug binding occurs, the drug concentration in the tissue equals that of the venous blood leaving the tissue. This greatly simplifies the...
348
Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

217.3K
Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
217.3K
Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

6.3K
Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
6.3K
Limiting Reactant02:27

Limiting Reactant

69.6K
The relative amounts of reactants and products represented in a balanced chemical equation are often referred to as stoichiometric amounts. However, in reality, the reactants are not always present in the stoichiometric amounts indicated by the balanced equation.
69.6K
Accelerators01:17

Accelerators

279
Accelerators in concrete serve as admixtures to speed up the hardening process, enabling the concrete to achieve early strength faster. Although accelerators do not necessarily impact the time it takes concrete to set, they reduce this time in practice. A common accelerator is calcium chloride, which is particularly useful for hastening early strength development in cold weather or for rapid repair jobs that require quick heat generation after mixing.
The effectiveness of calcium chloride can...
279
The Number e as a Limit01:29

The Number e as a Limit

73
The number e is a fundamental constant in calculus, playing a central role in describing continuous change, particularly exponential growth. It is most naturally defined through its relationship with the natural logarithm, which is the inverse of the exponential function with base e. This relationship allows e to be characterized using basic principles of differentiation rather than as an arbitrary numerical constant.A key property of the natural logarithm function, ln x, is that its derivative...
73

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Phase-Transformable DNA Frameworks for Synthetic Condensates with Valency-Controlled Subcellular Sorting.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Highly stable nanosized lucigenin@PS-COOH: a robust chemiluminescence system for sensitive cTnT analysis.

Journal of materials chemistry. B·2026
Same author

Threshold-Gated DNA Nanocages Enable Programmable Quorum-Like Sensing in Vesicle Communities.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same author

Intracellular Strand Break End Extension-Encoded Amplification for In Situ Visualization of Diverse DNA Damages.

Analytical chemistry·2026
Same author

Biophysical-to-DNA Catalytic Cumulative Birecorder for Measuring Continuous Membrane Fluidity.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2025
Same author

Ice-Confinement Overcomes the Diffusion-Reaction Limitation in Surface Assays.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2025
Same journal

From cyclic diaryl λ<sup>3</sup>-bromanes/chloranes to polyfuntionalized biarylsilanes <i>via</i> aryne σ-bonds.

Chemical science·2026
Same journal

Non-equilibrium formation of the elusive dibridged diboranyl (B<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>) radical and boranes in low-temperature diborane ices.

Chemical science·2026
Same journal

Visible-light-driven ruthenium-catalyzed hydrogenation of manganese nitride complexes to ammonia under ambient conditions.

Chemical science·2026
Same journal

Quantification of mesopore infiltration in a polymer-grafted metal-organic framework.

Chemical science·2026
Same journal

Enhanced and selective oxygen reduction by iron porphyrin with a biguanide residue in the second coordination sphere.

Chemical science·2026
Same journal

Excited-state orbital angular momentum enables all-optical molecular spin coherence.

Chemical science·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Induction of Diffuse Axonal Brain Injury in Rats Based on Rotational Acceleration
06:14

Induction of Diffuse Axonal Brain Injury in Rats Based on Rotational Acceleration

Published on: May 9, 2020

8.9K

Programming in situ accelerated DNA walkers in diffusion-limited microenvironments.

Feng Chen1, Jing Xue1,2, Min Bai1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education , School of Life Science and Technology , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xianning West Road , Xi'an , Shaanxi 710049 , P. R. China .

Chemical Science
|April 19, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces accelerated DNA walkers that operate efficiently within crowded cellular environments. These programmed walkers bypass diffusion limitations for enhanced biomimetic motor function and cellular analysis.

More Related Videos

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
08:55

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

8.9K
Saline Lavage for Sampling of the Canine Nasal Immune Microenvironment
04:35

Saline Lavage for Sampling of the Canine Nasal Immune Microenvironment

Published on: December 27, 2024

972

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Induction of Diffuse Axonal Brain Injury in Rats Based on Rotational Acceleration
06:14

Induction of Diffuse Axonal Brain Injury in Rats Based on Rotational Acceleration

Published on: May 9, 2020

8.9K
Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
08:55

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

8.9K
Saline Lavage for Sampling of the Canine Nasal Immune Microenvironment
04:35

Saline Lavage for Sampling of the Canine Nasal Immune Microenvironment

Published on: December 27, 2024

972

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Nanotechnology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Macromolecule diffusion in cells limits biochemical reactions and biomimetic motor function.
  • Developing efficient molecular motors for complex cellular environments remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To program *in situ* accelerated DNA walkers for diffusion-limited cellular microenvironments.
  • To overcome limitations in biomimetic motor assembly and operation within crowded solutions and cytoplasm.

Main Methods:

  • DNA components (walkers, tracks, calibration elements) anchored on gold nanoparticles.
  • Utilized endogenous enzymes from base repair pathways to actuate enzyme-driven, on-particle DNA walking.
  • Regulated walking kinetics via DNA densities and enzyme sets.

Main Results:

  • Achieved *in situ* driven DNA walkers accelerated several times without external drivers.
  • Bypassed inefficient diffusion and assembly procedures common in cellular environments.
  • Demonstrated walker behavior in cytoplasm, enabling DNA repair pathway profiling and enzyme catalysis monitoring in living cells.

Conclusions:

  • Programmed DNA walkers offer a novel strategy for accelerated molecular transport in cellular microenvironments.
  • This approach enhances biomimetic motor efficiency and provides tools for *in vivo* biological process monitoring.
  • The developed system demonstrates potential for advanced diagnostics and therapeutic applications within living cells.