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Related Concept Videos

Adult Stem Cells01:33

Adult Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
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Adult stem cells are tissue-specific; hence, they divide to develop the tissue from which they originate. One type of adult stem cell is the epithelial stem cell, which gives rise to the keratinocytes in the multiple layers of epithelial cells in the epidermis of the skin. Adult bone marrow has three distinct types of stem cells:...
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Stem Cell Culture01:17

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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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A Combinatorial Single-cell Approach to Characterize the Molecular and Immunophenotypic Heterogeneity of Human Stem and Progenitor Populations
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A Combinatorial Single-cell Approach to Characterize the Molecular and Immunophenotypic Heterogeneity of Human Stem and Progenitor Populations

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Stem Cells Heterogeneity.

Alexander Birbrair1,2

  • 1Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. birbrair@icb.ufmg.br.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|April 25, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adult stem cells maintain organ health but show significant heterogeneity. Understanding these stem cell subtypes is key to tissue homeostasis and disease treatment.

Keywords:
HeterogeneityMicroenvironmentNichePlasticityRegenerationStem cells

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A Combinatorial Single-cell Approach to Characterize the Molecular and Immunophenotypic Heterogeneity of Human Stem and Progenitor Populations
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Area of Science:

  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Adult endogenous stem cells are vital for tissue homeostasis and regeneration.
  • Stem cell populations exhibit significant heterogeneity in markers, cell cycle, and lineage output.
  • Existing knowledge on stem cell complexity and dynamics remains limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of stem cell heterogeneity across various organs.
  • To explore the origins and consequences of stem cell subpopulations in physiological and pathological conditions.
  • To discuss the implications of stem cell heterogeneity for disease progression and therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on stem cell biology and heterogeneity.
  • Integration of advanced techniques like single-cell RNA sequencing and advanced microscopy.
  • Compilation of chapters from leading scientists in the field.

Main Results:

  • Identification of diverse stem cell subtypes with unique characteristics within tissues.
  • Demonstration of novel functions for stem cell subpopulations in health and disease.
  • Evidence supporting the influence of stem cell heterogeneity on disease mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Stem cell heterogeneity is a fundamental aspect of tissue function and disease.
  • Further research into stem cell subpopulations is crucial for understanding homeostasis and developing new therapies.
  • This compilation offers insights into the current state of knowledge on stem cell heterogeneity.