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Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Optimized Fabrication Procedure for High-Quality Graphene-based Moiré Superlattice Devices
Published on: July 11, 2025
Capillary force-induced superlattice variation atop a nanometer-wide graphene flake and its moiré origin studied by
Loji K Thomas1,2, Michael Reichling1
1Fachbereich Physik, Universität Osnabrück, Barbarastr. 7, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany.
Abstract:
We present strong experimental evidence for the moiré origin of superlattices on graphite by imaging a live transition from one superlattice to another with concurrent and direct measurement of the orientation angle before and after rotation using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). This has been possible due to a fortuitous observation of a superlattice on a nanometer-sized graphene flake wherein we have induced a further rotation of the flake utilizing the capillary forces at play at a solid-liquid interface using STM tip motion. We propose a more "realistic" tip-surface meniscus relevant to STM at solid-liquid interfaces and show that the capillary force is sufficient to account for the total expenditure of energy involved in the process.
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