Diabetes and Phacoemulsification Cataract Surgery: Difficulties, Risks and Potential Complications.

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Endocrinology
• Diabetology

Background:

• Diabetes mellitus is a global health concern.
• Diabetic individuals often develop cataracts earlier and require surgery sooner than non-diabetics.
• Cataract surgery in diabetic patients presents specific complications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the complications associated with cataract surgery in diabetic patients.
• To highlight the increased risks and challenges faced by diabetic individuals undergoing this procedure.

Main Methods:

• This study is a review of existing literature on cataract surgery in diabetic patients.
• It synthesizes information regarding ocular complications and surgical challenges.

Main Results:

• Diabetic patients exhibit delayed corneal wound healing and increased risk of epithelial defects.
• Lower endothelial cell density makes the endothelium more vulnerable during surgery.
• Small pupils are common, complicating surgical technique.
• Increased risk of postoperative issues like pseudophakic cystoid macular edema, posterior capsule opacification, and endophthalmitis.
• For patients with diabetic retinopathy, adjunctive anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy can mitigate surgery-related exacerbations.

Conclusions:

• Cataract surgery in diabetic patients requires careful consideration of numerous potential complications.
• Management strategies, including adjunctive therapies for retinopathy, are crucial for optimizing outcomes.