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Related Concept Videos

Weak Base Solutions03:21

Weak Base Solutions

24.9K
Some compounds produce hydroxide ions when dissolved by chemically reacting with water molecules. In all cases, these compounds react only partially and so are classified as weak bases. These types of compounds are also abundant in nature and important commodities in various technologies. For example, global production of the weak base ammonia is typically well over 100 metric tons annually, being widely used as an agricultural fertilizer, a raw material for chemical synthesis of other...
24.9K
Weak Acid Solutions04:02

Weak Acid Solutions

42.4K
Few compounds act as strong acids. A far greater number of compounds behave as weak acids and only partially react with water, leaving a large majority of dissolved molecules in their original form and generating a relatively small amount of hydronium ions. Weak acids are commonly encountered in nature, being the substances partly responsible for the tangy taste of citrus fruits, the stinging sensation of insect bites, and the unpleasant smells associated with body odor. A familiar example of a...
42.4K
Titration of a Weak Acid with a Weak Base01:08

Titration of a Weak Acid with a Weak Base

4.9K
Weak acids and bases do not undergo dissociation completely, and titrations between these two are rarely studied. When such studies are performed, say, for the titration of a weak acid with a weak base, the titration curve plots the change in pH as a function of the volume of base added. Take the titration of acetic acid with ammonia, for instance. During the titration, these two species form ammonium acetate and water, but the pH change is slow and gradual.
As a result, there is no simple...
4.9K
Titration Calculations: Weak Acid - Strong Base03:55

Titration Calculations: Weak Acid - Strong Base

49.1K
Calculating pH for Titration Solutions: Weak Acid/Strong Base
For the titration of 25.00 mL of 0.100 M CH3CO2H with 0.100 M NaOH, the reaction can be represented as:
49.1K
pH Scale02:41

pH Scale

79.1K
Hydronium and hydroxide ions are present both in pure water and in all aqueous solutions, and their concentrations are inversely proportional as determined by the ion product of water (Kw). The concentrations of these ions in a solution are often critical determinants of the solution’s properties and the chemical behaviors of its other solutes. Two different solutions can differ in their hydronium or hydroxide ion concentrations by a million, billion, or even trillion times. A common means of...
79.1K
Titration of a Weak Acid with a Strong Base01:30

Titration of a Weak Acid with a Strong Base

4.4K
In titrating a weak acid with a strong base, different calculation methods are applied at various stages. Initially, the pH of a weak acid like acetic acid is calculated using its dissociation constant (Ka) and an ICE table. Upon addition of a strong base such as sodium hydroxide, a buffer forms, and its pH is determined using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. As more base is added and the titration reaches the halfway point, the pH becomes equal to the pKa of the acid, indicating equal...
4.4K

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Perfusion and Inflation of the Mouse Lung for Tumor Histology
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Inflating to the Weak Scale.

Michael Geller1,2, Yonit Hochberg3, Eric Kuflik3

  • 1Maryland Center for Fundamental Physics, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|May 31, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We propose a novel solution to the hierarchy problem, explaining the Higgs boson mass. Inflation in the early Universe selects the Higgs mass with the largest vacuum energy, resolving this fundamental physics puzzle.

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Area of Science:

  • Cosmology
  • Particle Physics
  • Quantum Field Theory

Background:

  • The hierarchy problem concerns the large discrepancy between the electroweak scale and the Planck scale.
  • The Higgs boson mass is a fundamental parameter in the Standard Model of particle physics.
  • Cosmic inflation is a theoretical period of exponential expansion in the very early Universe.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a new theoretical solution to the hierarchy problem.
  • To explain why the Higgs boson mass has its observed electroweak value.
  • To investigate the role of cosmic inflation in selecting fundamental particle parameters.

Main Methods:

  • Developing a proof-of-principle model incorporating an axion, a modulus field, and the Higgs boson.
  • Analyzing the behavior of a field undergoing quantum fluctuations during inflation.
  • Investigating the relationship between vacuum energy and Higgs boson mass during cosmic expansion.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrating that a patch inflating the most in the early Universe selects the Higgs boson mass.
  • Showing that inflation can fill the Universe with the Higgs boson mass corresponding to the largest vacuum energy.
  • Proving that the hierarchy problem is solved if maximum vacuum energy occurs at the observed Higgs boson mass.

Conclusions:

  • Cosmic inflation provides a mechanism to dynamically select the Higgs boson mass.
  • The observed weak scale can be a consequence of the inflationary epoch.
  • This work offers a new perspective on solving the hierarchy problem within a cosmological context.