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Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Laboratory-determined Phosphorus Flux from Lake Sediments as a Measure of Internal Phosphorus Loading
Published on: March 6, 2014
Anisotropic buckling of few-layer black phosphorus
Luis Vaquero-Garzon1, Riccardo Frisenda1, Andres Castellanos-Gomez1
1Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Madrid, E-28049, Spain. riccardo.frisenda@csic.es andres.castellanos@csic.es.
Abstract:
When a two-dimensional material, adhered onto a compliant substrate, is subjected to compression it can undergo a buckling instability yielding to a periodic rippling. Interestingly, when black phosphorus (bP) flakes are compressed along the zig-zag crystal direction, the flake buckles forming ripples with a 40% longer period than that obtained when the compression is applied along the armchair direction. This anisotropic buckling stems from the puckered honeycomb crystal structure of bP and a quantitative analysis of the ripple period allows the determination of the Youngs's modulus of few-layer bP along the armchair direction (EbP_AC = 35.1 ± 6.3 GPa) and the zig-zag direction (EbP_ZZ = 93.3 ± 21.8 GPa).
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